Endocrinotherapy resistance of prostate and breast cancer: Importance of the NF‑κB pathway (Review)

Wang,Xiumei; Fang,Yao; Sun,Wenbo; Xu,Zhi; Zhang,Yanyan; Wei,Xiaowei; Ding,Xuansheng; Xu,Yong

doi:10.3892/ijo.2020.4990

Endocrinotherapy resistance of prostate and breast cancer: Importance of the NF‑κB pathway (Review)

Authors:
- Xiumei Wang
- Yao Fang
- Wenbo Sun
- Zhi Xu
- Yanyan Zhang
- Xiaowei Wei
- Xuansheng Ding
- Yong Xu
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Affiliations: Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
Published online on: February 19, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4990
Pages: 1064-1074

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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) are two common sex hormone‑related cancer types with high rates of morbidity, and are leading causes of cancer death globally in men and women, respectively. The biological function of androgen or estrogen is a key factor for PCa or BCa tumorigenesis, respectively. Nevertheless, after hormone deprivation therapy, the majority of patients ultimately develop hormone‑independent malignancies that are resistant to endocrinotherapy. It is widely recognized, therefore, that understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process from hormone dependence towards hormone independence is critical to discover molecular targets for the control of advanced PCa and BCa. This review aimed to dissect the important mechanisms involved in the therapeutic resistance of PCa and BCa. It was concluded that activation of the NF‑κB pathway is an important common mechanism for metastasis and therapeutic resistance of the two types of cancer; in particular, the RelB‑activated noncanonical NF‑κB pathway appears to be able to lengthen and strengthen NF‑κB activity, which has been a focus of recent investigations.

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