Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
August-2020 Volume 57 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2020 Volume 57 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation

  • Authors:
    • Xiuhua Kang
    • Penghui Li
    • Chuibin Zhang
    • Yunshan Zhao
    • Huoli Hu
    • Guilan Wen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, Department of Respiratory medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Kang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 456-465
    |
    Published online on: May 19, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5068
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Infection and inflammation serve an important role in tumor development. Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pivotal component of the innate and adaptive immune response during infection and inflammation. Programmed‑death ligand 1 (PD‑L1) is hypothesized as an important factor for non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) immune escape. In the present study, the relationship between TLR4 and PD‑L1, in addition to the associated molecular mechanism, were investigated. TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression in lung cancer tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry, whilst overall patient survival was measured using the Kaplan‑Meier method. The A549 cell line stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied as the in vitro inflammatory NSCLC model. Associated factors were investigated using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Lung cancer tissues exhibited increased PD‑L1 and TLR4 levels compared with those of adjacent para‑cancerous tissues, where there was a positive correlation between TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression. In addition, increased expression of these two proteins was found to be linked with poorer prognoses. Following the stimulation of A549 cells with LPS, TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression levels were revealed to be upregulated in a dose‑dependent manner, where the ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were found to be activated. Interestingly, in the presence of inhibitors of these two pathways aforementioned, upregulation of PD‑L1 expression was only inhibited by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, which can inhibit ERK activity. These data suggested that the ERK signaling pathway is necessary for the TLR4/PD‑L1 axis. In conclusion, data from the present study suggest that TLR4 and PD‑L1 expression can serve as important prognostic factors for NSCLC, where TLR4 activation may induce PD‑L1 expression through the ERK signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Chen W, Zheng R, Zeng H, Zhang S and He J: Annual report on status of cancer in China, 2011. Chin J Cancer Res. 27:2–12. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Bocanegra A, Fernandez-Hinojal G, Zuazo-Ibarra M, Arasanz H, Garcia-Granda MJ, Hernandez C, Ibañez M, Hernandez-Marin B, Martinez-Aguillo M, Lecumberri MJ, et al: PD-L1 expression in systemic immune cell populations as a potential predictive biomarker of responses to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy in lung cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 20:pp. E16312019, View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Pisani P, Parkin DM, Muñoz N and Ferlay J: Cancer and infection: Estimates of the attributable fraction in 1990. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 6:387–400. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gomes M, Teixeira AL, Coelho A, Araujo A and Medeiros R: The role of inflammation in lung cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 816:1–23. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Houghton AM, Mouded M and Shapiro SD: Common origins of lung cancer and COPD. Nat Med. 14:1023–1024. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lin TY, Huang WY, Lin JC, Lin CL, Sung FC, Kao CH and Yeh JJ: Increased lung cancer risk among patients with pneumococcal pneumonia: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Lung. 192:159–165. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

De Nardo D: Toll-like receptors: Activation, signalling and transcriptional modulation. Cytokine. 74:181–189. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

He W, Liu Q, Wang L, Chen W, Li N and Cao X: TLR4 signaling promotes immune escape of human lung cancer cells by inducing immunosuppressive cytokines and apoptosis resistance. Mol Immunol. 44:2850–2859. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bauer AK, Upham BL, Rondini EA, Tennis MA, Velmuragan K and Wiese D: Toll-like receptor expression in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: Potential prognostic indicators of disease. Oncotarget. 8:91860–91875. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

He J, Hu Y, Hu M and Li B: Development of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in tumor immune microenvironment and treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep. 5:131102015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Johnson DB, Rioth MJ and Horn L: Immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 15:658–669. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Loke P and Allison JP: PD-L1 and PD-L2 are differentially regulated by Th1 and Th2 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:5336–5341. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Beswick EJ, Johnson JR, Saada JI, Humen M, House J, Dann S, Qiu S, Brasier AR, Powell DW, Reyes VE and Pinchuk IV: TLR4 activation enhances the PD-L1-mediated tolerogenic capacity of colonic CD90+ stromal cells. J Immunol. 193:2218–2229. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Dudley DT, Pang L, Decker SJ, Bridges AJ and Saltiel AR: A synthetic inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:7686–7689. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Vlahos CJ, Matter WF, Hui KY and Brown RF: A specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, 2-(4-morpholinyl)- 8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002). J Biol Chem. 269:5241–5248. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Schwartz AG and Cote ML: Epidemiology of lung cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 893:21–41. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Zhu J, Luo J, Li Y, Jia M, Wang Y, Huang Y and Ke S: HMGB1 induces human non-small cell lung cancer cell motility by activating integrin αvβ3/FAK through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 480:522–527. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Dong J, Li B, Lin D, Zhou Q and Huang D: Advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer based on accurate molecular typing. Front Pharmacol. 10:2302019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Boeri M, Milione M, Proto C, Signorelli D, Lo Russo G, Galeone C, Verri C, Mensah M, Centonze G, Martinetti A, et al: Circulating miRNAs and PD-L1 tumor expression are associated with survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy: A prospective study. Clin Cancer Res. 25:2166–2173. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Oikonomopoulou K, Brinc D, Kyriacou K and Diamandis EP: Infection and cancer: Revaluation of the hygiene hypothesis. Clin Cancer Res. 19:2834–2841. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Jacqueline C, Tasiemski A, Sorci G, Ujvari B, Maachi F, Missé D, Renaud F, Ewald P, Thomas F and Roche B: Infections and cancer: The 'fifty shades of immunity' hypothesis. BMC Cancer. 17:2572017. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Islami F, Chen W, Yu XQ, Lortet-Tieulent J, Zheng R, Flanders WD, Xia C, Thun MJ, Gapstur SM, Ezzati M and Jemal A: Cancer deaths and cases attributable to lifestyle factors and infections in China, 2013. Ann Oncol. 28:2567–2574. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hattori N and Ushijima T: Epigenetic impact of infection on carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and applications. Genome Med. 8:102016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ewald PW and Swain Ewald HA: Infection and cancer in multi-cellular organisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 370:pp. 201402242015, View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Francescone R, Hou V and Grivennikov SI: Microbiome, inflammation, and cancer. Cancer J. 20:181–189. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Grivennikov SI, Greten FR and Karin M: Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 140:883–899. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Wardak S: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. Med Dosw Mikrobiol. 68:73–84. 2016.

30 

Denholm R, Schüz J, Straif K, Stücker I, Jöckel KH, Brenner DR, De Matteis S, Boffetta P, Guida F, Brüske I, et al: Is previous respiratory disease a risk factor for lung cancer? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 190:549–559. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

González I, Araya P and Rojas A: Helicobacter pylori infection and lung cancer: New insights and future challenges. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 21:658–662. 2018.

32 

Ve T, Vajjhala PR, Hedger A, Croll T, DiMaio F, Horsefield S, Yu X, Lavrencic P, Hassan Z, Morgan GP, et al: Structural basis of TIR-domain-assembly formation in MAL- and MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 24:743–751. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Huang B, Zhao J, Li H, He KL, Chen Y, Chen SH, Mayer L, Unkeless JC and Xiong H: Toll-like receptors on tumor cells facilitate evasion of immune surveillance. Cancer Res. 65:5009–5014. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Hui E, Cheung J, Zhu J, Su X, Taylor MJ, Wallweber HA, Sasmal DK, Huang J, Kim JM, Mellman I and Vale RD: T cell costimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for PD-1-mediated inhibition. Science. 355:1428–1433. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu WJ, Topalian SL, Hwu P, Drake CG, Camacho LH, Kauh J, Odunsi K, et al: Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 366:2455–2465. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Koyama S, Akbay EA, Li YY, Herter-Sprie GS, Buczkowski KA, Richards WG, Gandhi L, Redig AJ, Rodig SJ, Asahina H, et al: Adaptive resistance to therapeutic PD-1 blockade is associated with upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints. Nat Commun. 7:105012016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Konen JM, Rodriguez BL, Fradette JJ, Gibson L, Davis D, Minelli R, Peoples MD, Kovacs J, Carugo A, Bristow C, et al: Ntrk1 promotes resistance to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in mesenchymal Kras/p53 mutant lung cancer. Cancers. 11:pp. E4622019, View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Qian Y, Deng J, Geng L, Xie H, Jiang G, Zhou L, Wang Y, Yin S, Feng X, Liu J, et al: TLR4 signaling induces B7-H1 expression through MAPK pathways in bladder cancer cells. Cancer Invest. 26:816–821. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Wang YH, Cao YW, Yang XC, Niu HT, Sun LJ, Wang XS and Liu J: Effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on immune escape of urothelial bladder cancer and its clinical significance. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15:1321–1326. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Wang K, Wang J, Wei F, Zhao N, Yang F and Ren X: Expression of TLR4 in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with PD-L1 and poor prognosis in patients receiving pulmonectomy. Front Immunol. 8:4562017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Fleming V, Hu X, Weller C, Weber R, Groth C, Riester Z, Hüser L, Sun Q, Nagibin V, Kirschning C, et al: Melanoma extracellular vesicles generate immunosuppressive myeloid cells by upregulating PD-L1 via TLR4 SIgnaling. Cancer Res. 79:4715–4728. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Zhao S, Sun M, Meng H, Ji H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Li H, Li P, Zhang Y and Zhang Q: TLR4 expression correlated with PD-L1 expression indicates a poor prognosis in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Cancer Manag Res. 11:4743–4756. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Wei F, Yang F, Li J, Zheng Y, Yu W, Yang L and Ren X: Soluble Toll-like receptor 4 is a potential serum biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 7:40106–40114. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Hyakushima N, Mitsuzawa H, Nishitani C, Sano H, Kuronuma K, Konishi M, Himi T, Miyake K and Kuroki Y: Interaction of soluble form of recombinant extracellular TLR4 domain with MD-2 enables lipopolysaccharide binding and attenuates TLR4-mediated signaling. J Immunol. 173:6949–6954. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Shimazu R, Akashi S, Ogata H, Nagai Y, Fukudome K, Miyake K and Kimoto M: MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on Toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med. 189:1777–1782. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Kuper H, Adami HO and Trichopoulos D: Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer. J Intern Med. 248:171–183. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Coussens LM and Werb Z: Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 420:860–867. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Chen CY, Kao CL and Liu CM: The Cancer prevention, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation of bioactive phytochemicals targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 19:pp. E27292018, View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Chen CW, Chen CC, Jian CY, Lin PH, Chou JC, Teng HS, Hu S, Lieu FK, Wang PS and Wang SW: Attenuation of exercise effect on inflammatory responses via novel role of TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling in rat splenocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985). 121:870–877. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Li H, Xia JQ, Zhu FS, Xi ZH, Pan CY, Gu LM and Tian YZ: LPS promotes the expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer cells through NF-κB activation. J Cell Biochem. 119:9997–10004. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kang X, Li P, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Hu H and Wen G: The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation. Int J Oncol 57: 456-465, 2020.
APA
Kang, X., Li, P., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., & Wen, G. (2020). The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation. International Journal of Oncology, 57, 456-465. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5068
MLA
Kang, X., Li, P., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., Wen, G."The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation". International Journal of Oncology 57.2 (2020): 456-465.
Chicago
Kang, X., Li, P., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., Wen, G."The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 2 (2020): 456-465. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5068
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kang X, Li P, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Hu H and Wen G: The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation. Int J Oncol 57: 456-465, 2020.
APA
Kang, X., Li, P., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., & Wen, G. (2020). The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation. International Journal of Oncology, 57, 456-465. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5068
MLA
Kang, X., Li, P., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., Wen, G."The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation". International Journal of Oncology 57.2 (2020): 456-465.
Chicago
Kang, X., Li, P., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., Wen, G."The TLR4/ERK/PD‑L1 axis may contribute to NSCLC initiation". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 2 (2020): 456-465. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5068
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team