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Review Open Access

Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Giulia C. Leonardi
    • Saverio Candido
    • Luca Falzone
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Massimo Libra
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy, Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I‑80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
    Copyright: © Leonardi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 609-618
    |
    Published online on: June 25, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5088
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Abstract

In a relatively short period of time, treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma have radically changed leading to an unprecedented improvement in patient survival. In this period, immunotherapy options have evolved from cytokine‑based approaches to antibody‑mediated inhibition of immune checkpoints, cancer vaccines and pharmacological modulation of the melanoma microenvironment. Combination of immunotherapy strategies and the association of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with BRAF V600 targeted therapy show encouraging results. The future of drug development in this field is promising. The comprehension of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICIs and the dissection of melanoma immunobiology will be instrumental for the development of new treatment strategies and to improve clinical trial design. Moreover, biomarker discovery will help patient stratification and management during immunotherapy treatment. In this review, we summarize landmark clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and discuss the rational for immunotherapy combinations. Immunotherapy approaches at early stage of clinical development and recent advances in melanoma immunotherapy biomarker development are also discussed.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Leonardi GC, Candido S, Falzone L, Spandidos DA and Libra M: Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review). Int J Oncol 57: 609-618, 2020.
APA
Leonardi, G.C., Candido, S., Falzone, L., Spandidos, D.A., & Libra, M. (2020). Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 57, 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5088
MLA
Leonardi, G. C., Candido, S., Falzone, L., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57.3 (2020): 609-618.
Chicago
Leonardi, G. C., Candido, S., Falzone, L., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 3 (2020): 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5088
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Leonardi GC, Candido S, Falzone L, Spandidos DA and Libra M: Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review). Int J Oncol 57: 609-618, 2020.
APA
Leonardi, G.C., Candido, S., Falzone, L., Spandidos, D.A., & Libra, M. (2020). Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 57, 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5088
MLA
Leonardi, G. C., Candido, S., Falzone, L., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57.3 (2020): 609-618.
Chicago
Leonardi, G. C., Candido, S., Falzone, L., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Cutaneous melanoma and the immunotherapy revolution (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 3 (2020): 609-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5088
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