Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
November-2021 Volume 59 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2021 Volume 59 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review

DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Maria Teresa Vietri
    • Giovanna D'Elia
    • Giuditta Benincasa
    • Giuseppe Ferraro
    • Gemma Caliendo
    • Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
    • Claudio Napoli
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, I-80138 Naples, Italy, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, I-80138 Naples, Italy, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, I-80138 Naples, Italy, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, I-80138 Naples, Italy
  • Article Number: 98
    |
    Published online on: October 29, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5278
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The current management of breast cancer (BC) lacks specific non‑invasive biomarkers able to provide an early diagnosis of the disease. Epigenetic‑sensitive signatures are influenced by environmental exposures and are mediated by direct molecular mechanisms, mainly guided by DNA methylation, which regulate the interplay between genetic and non‑genetic risk factors during cancerogenesis. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes due to promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis. Of note, targeted tumor suppressor genes are frequently hypermethylated in patient‑derived BC tissues and peripheral blood biospecimens. In addition, epigenetic alterations in triple‑negative BC, as the most aggressive subtype, have been identified. Thus, detecting both targeted and genome‑wide DNA methylation changes through liquid‑based assays appears to be a useful clinical strategy for early detection, more accurate risk stratification and a personalized prediction of therapeutic response in patients with BC. Of note, the DNA methylation profile may be mapped by isolating the circulating tumor DNA from the plasma as a more accessible biospecimen. Furthermore, the sensitivity to treatment with chemotherapy, hormones and immunotherapy may be altered by gene‑specific DNA methylation, suggesting novel potential drug targets. Recently, the use of epigenetic drugs administered alone and/or with anticancer therapies has led to remarkable results, particularly in patients with BC resistant to anticancer treatment. The aim of the present review was to provide an update on DNA methylation changes that are potentially involved in BC development and their putative clinical utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Malvezzi M, Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Boffetta P, Levi F, La Vecchia C and Negri E: European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2017, with focus on lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 28:1117–1123. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Salta S, P Nunes S, Fontes-Sousa M, Lopes P, Freitas M, Caldas M, Antunes L, Castro F, Antunes P, Palma de Sousa S, et al: A DNA methylation-based test for breast cancer detection in circulating cell-free DNA. J Clin Med. 7:4202018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Oltra SS, Peña-Chilet M, Flower K, Martinez MT, Alonso E, Burgues O, Lluch A, Flanagan JM and Ribas G: Acceleration in the DNA methylation age in breast cancer tumours from very young women. Sci Rep. 9:149912019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Schiano C, Soricelli A, De Nigris F and Napoli C: New challenges in integrated diagnosis by imaging and osteo-immunology in bone lesions. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 15:289–301. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Jeong S, Park MJ, Song W and Kim HS: Current immunoassay methods and their applications to clinically used biomarkers of breast cancer. Clin Biochem. 78:43–57. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Schiano C, Franzese M, Pane K, Garbino N, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, de Nigris F and Napoli C: Hybrid 18F-FDG-PET/MRI measurement of standardized uptake value coupled with yin yang 1 signature in metastatic breast cancer. a preliminary study. Cancers (Basel). 11:14442019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gucalp A, Traina TA, Eisner JR, Parker JS, Selitsky SR, Park BH, Elias AD, Baskin-Bey ES and Cardoso F: Male breast cancer: A disease distinct from female breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 173:37–48. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Khan NAJ and Tirona M: An updated review of epidemiology, risk factors, and management of male breast cancer. Med Oncol. 38:392021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Romagnolo DF, Daniels KD, Grunwald JT, Ramos SA, Propper CR and Selmin OI: Epigenetics of breast cancer: Modifying role of environmental and bioactive food compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res. 60:1310–1329. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Vietri MT, Molinari AM, Caliendo G, De Paola ML, Giovanna D, Gambardella AL, Petronella P and Cioffi M: Double heterozygosity in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Italian family. Clin Chem Lab Med. 51:2319–2324. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Vietri MT, Caliendo G, Casamassimi A, Cioffi M, De Paola ML, Napoli C and Molinari AM: A novel PALB2 truncating mutation in an Italian family with male breast cancer. Oncol Rep. 33:1243–1247. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Pasculli B, Barbano R and Parrella P: Epigenetics of breast cancer: Biology and clinical implication in the era of precision medicine. Semin Cancer Biol. 51:22–35. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Sher G, Salman NA, Khan AQ, Prabhu KS, Raza A, Kulinski M, Dermime S, Haris M, Junejo K and Uddin S: Epigenetic and breast cancer therapy: promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Semin Cancer Biol. Aug 25–2020.(Epub ahead of print). doi: org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Bhat SA, Majid S, Wani HA and Rashid S: Diagnostic utility of epigenetics in breast cancer - A review. Cancer Treat Res Commun. 19:1001252019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Park HL: Epigenetic biomarkers for environmental exposures and personalized breast cancer prevention. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17:11812020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Stewart CM and Tsui DWY: Circulating cell-free DNA for non-invasive cancer management. Cancer Genet. 228-229:169–179. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Colao A, de Nigris F, Modica R and Napoli C: Clinical epigenetics of neuroendocrine tumors: The road ahead. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 11:6043412020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Schiano C, Casamassimi A, Rienzo M, de Nigris F, Sommese L and Napoli C: Involvement of mediator complex in malignancy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1845:66–83. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sarno F, Benincasa G, List M, Barabasi AL, Baumbach J, Ciardiello F, Filetti S, Glass K, Loscalzo J, Marchese C, et al International Network Medicine Consortium, : Clinical epigenetics settings for cancer and cardiovascular diseases: Real-life applications of network medicine at the bedside. Clin Epigenetics. 13:662021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Benincasa G, Franzese M, Schiano C, Marfella R, Miceli M, Infante T, Sardu C, Zanfardino M, Affinito O, Mansueto G, et al: DNA methylation profiling of CD04+/CD08+ T cells reveals pathogenic mechanisms in increasing hyperglycemia: PIRAMIDE pilot study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 60:218–226. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Rodgers KM, Udesky JO, Rudel RA and Brody JG: Environmental chemicals and breast cancer: An updated review of epidemiological literature informed by biological mechanisms. Environ Res. 160:152–182. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Klutstein M, Nejman D, Greenfield R and Cedar H: DNA methylation in cancer and aging. Cancer Res. 76:3446–3450. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Murtha M and Esteller M: Extraordinary cancer epigenomics: Thinking outside the classical coding and promoter box. Trends Cancer. 2:572–584. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Brooks J, Cairns P and Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A: Promoter methylation and the detection of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 20:1539–1550. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Shargh SA, Sakizli M, Khalaj V, Movafagh A, Yazdi H, Hagigatjou E, Sayad A, Mansouri N, Mortazavi-Tabatabaei SA and Khorram Khorshid HR: Downregulation of E-cadherin expression in breast cancer by promoter hypermethylation and its relation with progression and prognosis of tumor. Med Oncol. 31:2502014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Avraham A, Cho SS, Uhlmann R, Polak ML, Sandbank J, Karni T, Pappo I, Halperin R, Vaknin Z, Sella A, et al: Tissue specific DNA methylation in normal human breast epithelium and in breast cancer. PLoS One. 9:e918052014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

de Almeida BP, Apolónio JD, Binnie A and Castelo-Branco P: Roadmap of DNA methylation in breast cancer identifies novel prognostic biomarkers. BMC Cancer. 19:2192019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Yang H, Zhou L, Chen J, Su J, Shen W, Liu B, Zhou J, Yu S and Qian J: A four-gene signature for prognosis in breast cancer patients with hypermethylated IL15RA. Oncol Lett. 17:4245–4254. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Mao Y, Fu A, Hoffman AE, Jacobs DI, Jin M, Chen K and Zhu Y: The circadian gene CRY2 is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness possibly via epigenomic modifications. Tumour Biol. 36:3533–3539. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sasidharan Nair V, El Salhat H, Taha RZ, John A, Ali BR and Elkord E: DNA methylation and repressive H3K9 and H3K27 trimethylation in the promoter regions of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and PD-L1 genes in human primary breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 10:782018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Cui X, Jing X, Wu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Huo K and Wang H: Analyses of DNA methylation involved in the activation of nuclear karyopherin alpha 2 leading to identify the progression and prognostic significance across human breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 12:6665–6677. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Shukla S, Penta D, Mondal P and Meeran SM: Epigenetics of breast cancer: Clinical status of epi-drugs and phytochemicals. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1152:293–310. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Loeb DM, Evron E, Patel CB, Sharma PM, Niranjan B, Buluwela L, Weitzman SA, Korz D and Sukumar S: Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) is expressed in primary breast tumors despite tumor-specific promoter methylation. Cancer Res. 61:921–925. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Vermeulen MA, van Deurzen CHM, Doebar SC, de Leng WW, Martens JW, van Diest PJ and Moelans CB: Promoter hypermethylation in ductal carcinoma in situ of the male breast. Endocr Relat Cancer. 26:575–584. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Tao C, Luo R, Song J, Zhang W and Ran L: A seven-DNA methylation signature as a novel prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem. 121:2385–2393. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Delgado-Cruzata L, Wu HC, Perrin M, Liao Y, Kappil MA, Ferris JS, Flom JD, Yazici H, Santella RM and Terry MB: Global DNA methylation levels in white blood cell DNA from sisters discordant for breast cancer from the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Epigenetics. 7:868–874. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Xu Z, Bolick SC, DeRoo LA, Weinberg CR, Sandler DP and Taylo JA: Epigenome-wide association study of breast cancer using prospectively collected sister study samples. J Natl Cancer Inst. 105:694–700. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kuchiba A, Iwasaki M, Ono H, Kasuga Y, Yokoyama S, Onuma H, Nishimura H, Kusama R, Tsugane S and Yoshida T: Global methylation levels in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA by LUMA and breast cancer: A case-control study in Japanese women. Br J Cancer. 110:2765–2771. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Cho YH, McCullough LE, Gammon MD, Wu HC, Zhang YJ, Wang Q, Xu X, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Chen J, et al: Promoter hypermethylation in white blood cell DNA and breast cancer risk. J Cancer. 6:819–824. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Tang Q, Cheng J, Cao X, Surowy H and Burwinkel B: Blood-based DNA methylation as biomarker for breast cancer: A systematic review. Clin Epigenetics. 8:1152016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Boyne DJ, O'Sullivan DE, Olij BF, King WD, Friedenreich CM and Brenner DR: Physical activity, global DNA methylation, and breast cancer risk: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 27:1320–1331. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Brennan K, Garcia-Closas M, Orr N, Fletcher O, Jones M, Ashworth A, Swerdlow A, Thorne H, Riboli E, Vineis P, et al KConFab Investigators, : Intragenic ATM methylation in peripheral blood DNA as a biomarker of breast cancer risk. Cancer Res. 72:2304–2313. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Widschwendter M, Apostolidou S, Raum E, Rothenbacher D, Fiegl H, Menon U, Stegmaier C, Jacobs IJ and Brenner H: Epigenotyping in peripheral blood cell DNA and breast cancer risk: A proof of principle study. PLoS One. 3:e26562008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Shirkavand A, Boroujeni ZN and Aleyasin SA: Examination of methylation changes of VIM, CXCR4, DOK7, and SPDEF genes in peripheral blood DNA in breast cancer patients. Indian J Cancer. 55:366–371. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Zmetakova I, Danihel L, Smolkova B, Mego M, Kajabova V, Krivulcik T, Rusnak I, Rychly B, Danis D, Repiska V, et al: Evaluation of protein expression and DNA methylation profiles detected by pyrosequencing in invasive breast cancer. Neoplasma. 60:635–646. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Benincasa G, Mansueto G and Napoli C: Fluid-based assays and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases: The ‘hope’ for Pandora's box? J Clin Pathol. 72:785–799. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Aceto N, Bardia A, Miyamoto DT, Donaldson MC, Wittner BS, Spencer JA, Yu M, Pely A, Engstrom A, Zhu H, et al: Circulating tumor cell clusters are oligoclonal precursors of breast cancer metastasis. Cell. 158:1110–1122. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Liu L, Sun L, Li C, Li X, Zhang Y, Yu Y and Xia W: Quantitative detection of methylation of FHIT and BRCA1 promoters in the serum of ductal breast cancer patients. Biomed Mater Eng. 26 (Suppl 1):S2217–S2222. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

49 

Ahmed IA, Pusch CM, Hamed T, Rashad H, Idris A, El-Fadle AA and Blin N: Epigenetic alterations by methylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1 promoter sequences in mammary carcinoma detected in extracellular tumor DNA. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 199:96–100. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Kloten V, Becker B, Winner K, Schrauder MG, Fasching PA, Anzeneder T, Veeck J, Hartmann A, Knüchel R and Dahl E: Promoter hypermethylation of the tumor-suppressor genes ITIH5, DKK3, and RASSF1A as novel biomarkers for blood-based breast cancer screening. Breast Cancer Res. 15:R42013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Swellam M, Abdelmaksoud MDE, Sayed Mahmoud M, Ramadan A, Abdel-Moneem W and Hefny MM: Aberrant methylation of APC and RARβ2 genes in breast cancer patients. IUBMB Life. 67:61–68. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Bao-Caamano A, Rodriguez-Casanova A and Diaz-Lagares A: Epigenetics of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1220:117–134. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Chimonidou M, Strati A, Malamos N, Kouneli S, Georgoulias V and Lianidou E: Direct comparison study of DNA methylation markers in EpCAM-positive circulating tumour cells, corresponding circulating tumour DNA, and paired primary tumours in breast cancer. Oncotarget. 8:72054–72068. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Dart A: Methylated clusters. Nat Rev Cancer. 19:1252019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Zurita M, Lara PC, del Moral R, Torres B, Linares-Fernández JL, Arrabal SR, Martínez-Galán J, Oliver FJ and Ruiz de Almodóvar JM: Hypermethylated 14-3-3-sigma and ESR1 gene promoters in serum as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment efficacy of breast cancer metastasis. BMC Cancer. 10:2172010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Radpour R, Barekati Z, Kohler C, Lv Q, Bürki N, Diesch C, Bitzer J, Zheng H, Schmid S and Zhong XY: Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes involved in critical regulatory pathways for developing a blood-based test in breast cancer. PLoS One. 6:e160802011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Chimonidou M, Tzitzira A, Strati A, Sotiropoulou G, Sfikas C, Malamos N, Georgoulias V and Lianidou E: CST6 promoter methylation in circulating cell-free DNA of breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem. 46:235–240. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Pareja F and Reis-Filho JS: Triple-negative breast cancers - a panoply of cancer types. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 15:347–348. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Okuma HS and Yonemori K: BRCA gene mutations and poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1026:271–286. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Fackler MJ, Cho S, Cope L, Gabrielson E, Visvanathan K, Wilsbach K, Meir-Levi D, Lynch CF, Marks J, Geradts J, et al: DNA methylation markers predict recurrence-free interval in triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer. 6:32020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Chen X, Zhang J and Dai X: DNA methylation profiles capturing breast cancer heterogeneity. BMC Genomics. 20:8232019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Mendaza S, Ulazia-Garmendia A, Monreal-Santesteban I, Córdoba A, Azúa YR, Aguiar B, Beloqui R, Armendáriz P, Arriola M, Martín-Sánchez E, et al: ADAM12 is a potential therapeutic target regulated by hypomethylation in triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 21:9032020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Zhu X, Shan L, Wang F, Wang J, Wang F, Shen G, Liu X, Wang B, Yuan Y, Ying J, et al: Hypermethylation of BRCA1 gene: Implication for prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in sporadic primary triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 150:479–486. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Good CR, Panjarian S, Kelly AD, Madzo J, Patel B, Jelinek J and Issa JJ: TET1-mediated hypomethylation activates oncogenic signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 78:4126–4137. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Li W, Zheng X, Ren L, Fu W, Liu J, Xv J, Liu S, Wang J and Du G: Epigenetic hypomethylation and upregulation of GD3s in triple negative breast cancer. Ann Transl Med. 7:7232019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

van Hoesel AQ, Sato Y, Elashoff DA, Turner RR, Giuliano AE, Shamonki JM, Kuppen PJ, van de Velde CJ and Hoon DS: Assessment of DNA methylation status in early stages of breast cancer development. Br J Cancer. 108:2033–2038. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Laham-Karam N, Pinto GP, Poso A and Kokkonen P: Transcription and translation inhibitors in Cancer treatment. Front Chem. 8:2762020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Garcia-Martinez L, Zhang Y, Nakata Y, Chan HL and Morey L: Epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer therapy and resistance. Nat Commun. 12:17862021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Martínez-Galán J, Torres-Torres B, Núñez MI, López-Peñalver J, Del Moral R, Ruiz De Almodóvar JM, Menjón S, Concha A, Chamorro C, Ríos S, et al: ESR1 gene promoter region methylation in free circulating DNA and its correlation with estrogen receptor protein expression in tumor tissue in breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer. 14:592014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Palomeras S, Diaz-Lagares Á, Viñas G, Setien F, Ferreira HJ, Oliveras G, Crujeiras AB, Hernández A, Lum DH, Welm AL, et al: Epigenetic silencing of TGFBI confers resistance to trastuzumab in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 21:792019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Jank P, Gehlhaar C, Bianca L, Caterina F, Andreas S, Karn T, Marmé F, Sinn HP, van Mackelenbergh M, Sinn B, et al: MGMT promoter methylation in triple negative breast cancer of the GeparSixto trial. PLoS One. 15:e02380212020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Hamadneh L, Abu-Irmaileh B, Al-Majawleh M, Bustanji Y, Jarrar Y and Al-Qirim T: Doxorubicin-paclitaxel sequential treatment: Insights of DNA methylation and gene expression changes of luminal A and triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem. 476:3647–3654. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

de Nigris F, Ruosi C and Napoli C: Clinical efficiency of epigenetic drugs therapy in bone malignancies. Bone. 143:1156052021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Buocikova V, Rios-Mondragon I, Pilalis E, Chatziioannou A, Miklikova S, Mego M, Pajuste K, Rucins M, Yamani NE, Longhin EM, et al: Epigenetics in breast cancer therapy-new strategies and future nanomedicine perspectives. Cancers (Basel). 12:36222020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Schröder R, Illert AL, Erbes T, Flotho C, Lübbert M and Duque-Afonso J: The epigenetics of breast cancer - Opportunities for diagnostics, risk stratification and therapy. Epigenetics. 23:1–13. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Griffiths EA and Gore SD: DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Hematol. 45:23–30. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Connolly RM, Li H, Jankowitz RC, Zhang Z, Rudek MA, Jeter SC, Slater SA, Powers P, Wolff AC, Fetting JH, et al: Combination epigenetic therapy in advanced breast cancer with 5-azacitidine and entinostat: A phase ii national cancer institute/stand up to cancer study. Clin Cancer Res. 23:2691–2701. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Wang Q, Gun M and Hong XY: Induced tamoxifen resistance is mediated by increased methylation of e-cadherin in estrogen receptor-expressing breast cancer cells. Sci Rep. 9:141402019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Muvarak NE, Chowdhury K, Xia L, Robert C, Choi EY, Cai Y, Bellani M, Zou Y, Singh ZN, Duong VH, et al: Enhancing the cytotoxic effects of PARP inhibitors with DNA demethy lating agents - a potential therapy for cancer. Cancer Cell. 30:637–650. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

McLaughlin LJ, Stojanovic L, Kogan AA, Rutherford JL, Choi EY, Yen RC, Xia L, Zou Y, Lapidus RG, Baylin SB, et al: Pharmacologic induction of innate immune signaling directly drives homologous recombination deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 117:17785–17795. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Selvakumar P, Badgeley A, Murphy P, Anwar H, Sharma U, Lawrence K and Lakshmikuttyamma A: Flavonoids and other polyphenols act as epigenetic modifiers in breast cancer. Nutrients. 12:7612020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Su Y, Hopfinger NR, Nguyen TD, Pogash TJ, Santucci-Pereira J and Russo J: Epigenetic reprogramming of epithelial mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer cells with DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 37:3142018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Scognamiglio G, De Chiara A, Parafioriti A, Armiraglio E, Fazioli F, Gallo M, Aversa L, Camerlingo R, Cacciatore F, Colella G, et al: Patient-derived organoids as a potential model to predict response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Cancer. 121:979–982. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Terracciano D, Terreri S, de Nigris F, Costa V, Calin GA and Cimmino A: The role of a new class of long noncoding RNAs transcribed from ultraconserved regions in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 1868:449–455. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Vietri MT, D'Elia G, Benincasa G, Ferraro G, Caliendo G, Nicoletti GF and Napoli C: DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review). Int J Oncol 59: 98, 2021.
APA
Vietri, M.T., D'Elia, G., Benincasa, G., Ferraro, G., Caliendo, G., Nicoletti, G.F., & Napoli, C. (2021). DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 59, 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5278
MLA
Vietri, M. T., D'Elia, G., Benincasa, G., Ferraro, G., Caliendo, G., Nicoletti, G. F., Napoli, C."DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 59.5 (2021): 98.
Chicago
Vietri, M. T., D'Elia, G., Benincasa, G., Ferraro, G., Caliendo, G., Nicoletti, G. F., Napoli, C."DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 59, no. 5 (2021): 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5278
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Vietri MT, D'Elia G, Benincasa G, Ferraro G, Caliendo G, Nicoletti GF and Napoli C: DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review). Int J Oncol 59: 98, 2021.
APA
Vietri, M.T., D'Elia, G., Benincasa, G., Ferraro, G., Caliendo, G., Nicoletti, G.F., & Napoli, C. (2021). DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 59, 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5278
MLA
Vietri, M. T., D'Elia, G., Benincasa, G., Ferraro, G., Caliendo, G., Nicoletti, G. F., Napoli, C."DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 59.5 (2021): 98.
Chicago
Vietri, M. T., D'Elia, G., Benincasa, G., Ferraro, G., Caliendo, G., Nicoletti, G. F., Napoli, C."DNA methylation and breast cancer: A way forward (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 59, no. 5 (2021): 98. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5278
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team