MDIG, a 2‑oxoglutarate‑dependent oxygenase, acts as an oncogene and predicts the prognosis of multiple types of cancer

Geng,Feng; Yang,Wei; Song,Dandan; Hou,Haijia; Han,Bing; Chen,Yecheng; Zhao,Hongwen

doi:10.3892/ijo.2022.5372

MDIG, a 2‑oxoglutarate‑dependent oxygenase, acts as an oncogene and predicts the prognosis of multiple types of cancer

Authors:
- Feng Geng
- Wei Yang
- Dandan Song
- Haijia Hou
- Bing Han
- Yecheng Chen
- Hongwen Zhao
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Affiliations: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
Published online on: May 17, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2022.5372
Article Number: 82
Copyright: © Geng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Recent studies have indicated that mineral dust‑induced gene (MDIG) is an oncogene induced by environmental factors, which has a key role in the development and progression of various tumor types, through epigenetic modifications; however, there are no previous pan‑cancer analyses of MDIG. In the present study, a comprehensive pan‑cancer analysis of MDIG was performed using public databases. The results demonstrated that MDIG was upregulated in tumor tissue samples compared with normal tissue, that it was present in all cancer cell lines and it was closely associated with the prognosis of patients with different tumor types. Furthermore, MDIG expression was closely associated with the immunological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as the frequency of tumor‑infiltrating immune cells, TME‑relevant signatures, immunostimulatory genes, immune checkpoint genes, chemokine receptor genes, tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability. In parallel, high expression of MDIG was associated with improved overall survival of patients and this was verified in a cohort of patients who had received anti‑programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 treatment. Furthermore, high expression of MDIG led to multiple drug resistance in The Cancer Genome Atlas‑lung adenocarcinoma cohort. In addition, gene set variant analysis and gene set enrichment analysis indicated that MDIG was involved in cell cycle regulation. In vitro experiments suggested that MDIG promoted cell proliferation through the mTOR complex 2/Akt and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1/Akt signaling pathways. In summary, the present study suggests that MDIG may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for various cancer types.

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