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Review Open Access

Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Daan Fu
    • Haoyu Fu
    • Yafeng Wang
    • Kai Yang
    • Bingqing Nie
    • Xiaohuan Lu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200; P.R. China, Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006; P.R. China
    Copyright: © Fu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 107
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    Published online on: October 14, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5813
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major malignancy within the digestive tract, with its incidence and mortality rates steadily increasing annually, posing a severe threat to human health. Despite the extensive clinical utilization of diverse chemotherapeutic agents, their propensity for deleterious side effects and the emergence of drug resistance can impede patient compliance, consequently culminating in chemotherapy failure. Consequently, the quest for novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy and minimal toxicity has become increasingly urgent. To address this critical clinical dilemma, there is an imperative need to develop effective and well‑tolerated anti‑CRC drugs. Plant‑based antioxidants (PBAs) are now understood to possess diverse biological activities, thereby offering significant advantages with respect to clinical anti‑CRC applications. Compared with synthetic chemical agents, they are ubiquitous in natural sources, possess high safety profiles and can act as detoxifying or sensitizing agents when combined with conventional therapies in CRC, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Hence, the present review systematically reviewed current research on PBAs for CRC treatment from the perspective of bioactive compounds, with the aim of offering theoretical foundations and reference values for future studies and clinical applications of PBAs in CRC therapies.
View Figures

Figure 1

Representative plant-based
antioxidants with anti-CRC effects. Polyphenols: Curcumin, EGCG,
resveratrol, oleuropein, quercetin, baicalin, hesperetin, luteolin;
Vitamins: Vitamin E; Polysaccharides: Astragalus polysaccharides;
Saponins: Ginsenoside Rg1, polyphyllin II; Alkaloids: Berberine;
Quinones: Shikonin, emodin.

Figure 2

Signaling pathway diagram
illustrating the mechanisms of plant-based antioxidants against
CRC. Plant-based antioxidants exhibit significant efficacy in the
prevention and treatment of CRC. Its molecular mechanisms of action
encompass multi-targets, including NF-κB, TLR4, Wnt/β-catenin,
PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, which suppress chronic
inflammation, alleviate oxidative stress, inhibit cell
proliferation and angiogenesis, induce cell apoptosis and cell
cycle arrest and regulate gut microbiota composition. CRC,
colorectal cancer; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; TLR4, toll-like
receptor 4; PI3K/Akt, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase;
MAPK/ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular
signal-regulated kinase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IKBs, inhibitors
of NF-κB; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription
3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; ROS, reactive oxygen
species; SCFAs, short chain fatty acids; iNOS, inducible nitric
oxide synthase; COX2, cyclooxygenase-2; SOD, superoxide dismutase;
CAT, catalase; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; GSH, glutathione; GST,
glutathione S-transferase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth
factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor.

Figure 3

Nano-drug delivery systems for
plant-based antioxidants. (A) Drugs are encapsulated in
nanoparticles. Surface modification of nanoparticles with PEG and
ligands enhances their water solubility and targeting capability.
(B) Liposomes have hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer and encapsulate
drugs in central cavity. (C) Nano-micelles have hydrophilic shell
and hydrophobic core, with drugs encapsulated in central cavity
(101). PEG, polyethylene
glycol.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Fu D, Fu H, Wang Y, Yang K, Nie B and Lu X: Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review). Int J Oncol 67: 107, 2025.
APA
Fu, D., Fu, H., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Nie, B., & Lu, X. (2025). Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 67, 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5813
MLA
Fu, D., Fu, H., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Nie, B., Lu, X."Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 67.6 (2025): 107.
Chicago
Fu, D., Fu, H., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Nie, B., Lu, X."Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 67, no. 6 (2025): 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5813
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Fu D, Fu H, Wang Y, Yang K, Nie B and Lu X: Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review). Int J Oncol 67: 107, 2025.
APA
Fu, D., Fu, H., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Nie, B., & Lu, X. (2025). Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 67, 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5813
MLA
Fu, D., Fu, H., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Nie, B., Lu, X."Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 67.6 (2025): 107.
Chicago
Fu, D., Fu, H., Wang, Y., Yang, K., Nie, B., Lu, X."Therapeutic potentials of plant‑based antioxidants on colorectal cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 67, no. 6 (2025): 107. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5813
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