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International Journal of Oncology
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Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
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January-2026 Volume 68 Issue 1

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

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Review Open Access

Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhefei Du
    • Zhenyu Cao
    • Chao Fang
    • Daihan Xie
    • Lixin Xie
    • Chunxia Su
    • Yu Huo

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Comprehensive Oncology Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Du et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 2
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    Published online on: November 4, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5815
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Abstract

Transition‑metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, ability to form a variety of nanostructures and targeting properties. After surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, immunotherapy has emerged as a major strategy for cancer treatment. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibition has attracted much attention in preclinical and clinical applications. The combination of transition‑metal NPs with tumor immunotherapy offers great potential. Therefore, the present review focused on four major transition‑metal NPs (Au, Ag, Cu and Fe NPs) and their respective categories, presented their characteristics and roles in the biomedical field and discussed their potential toxicities. In addition, the mechanisms of action of different tumor immunotherapies and the applications of transition‑metal NPs in tumor immunotherapy are discussed. The current status of, and challenges associated, with the clinical transformation of transition‑metal NPs in tumor immunotherapy are described to provide ideas for the subsequent development and clinical application of transition‑metal NPs.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Du Z, Cao Z, Fang C, Xie D, Xie L, Su C and Huo Y: Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review). Int J Oncol 68: 2, 2026.
APA
Du, Z., Cao, Z., Fang, C., Xie, D., Xie, L., Su, C., & Huo, Y. (2026). Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 68, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5815
MLA
Du, Z., Cao, Z., Fang, C., Xie, D., Xie, L., Su, C., Huo, Y."Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68.1 (2026): 2.
Chicago
Du, Z., Cao, Z., Fang, C., Xie, D., Xie, L., Su, C., Huo, Y."Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68, no. 1 (2026): 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5815
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Du Z, Cao Z, Fang C, Xie D, Xie L, Su C and Huo Y: Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review). Int J Oncol 68: 2, 2026.
APA
Du, Z., Cao, Z., Fang, C., Xie, D., Xie, L., Su, C., & Huo, Y. (2026). Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 68, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5815
MLA
Du, Z., Cao, Z., Fang, C., Xie, D., Xie, L., Su, C., Huo, Y."Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68.1 (2026): 2.
Chicago
Du, Z., Cao, Z., Fang, C., Xie, D., Xie, L., Su, C., Huo, Y."Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68, no. 1 (2026): 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5815
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