Increased cell compaction can augment the resistance of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma spheroids to ionizing radiation

One of the most important questions in tumor biology is the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy. In the present study, the possible role played by cell-cell interactions in determining the response of tumor cells to ionizing radiation was investigated. HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma spheroids were irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy in two different stages of growth characterized by diverse degrees of compaction: loosely organized spheroids (early spheroids) and compacted spheroids (late spheroids). Morphological analyses demonstrated that late spheroids were less damaged than early spheroids. Moreover, analyses of the cell cycle and cell death showed that ionizing radiation induced necrosis in early spheroids and apoptosis in late ones. From these results it can be concluded that late, compacted spheroids are more resistant to ionizing radiation than early, loose spheroids. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating this compaction-induced resistance of late spheroids, E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression and distribution were analyzed. In late spheroids, E-cadherin/β-catenin complexes were shown to be tethered to the cytoskeleton, and since this organization has been demonstrated to strengthen cell-cell adhesion in other systems, it can be postulated that the same is true in HT-29 spheroids. In conclusion, it can be hypothesized that compaction of HT-29 spheroids is mediated by the reorganization of E-cadherin/β-catenin complexes on the plasma membrane and that this compaction may be responsible for the increase in resistance of HT-29 spheroids to ionizing radiation.