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Article Open Access

Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer

  • Authors:
    • Diao Wei
    • Tianyu Lei
    • Yuhang Che
    • Qinyong Hu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 24
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    Published online on: February 13, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2933
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Abstract

UTP4 is a critical component of ribosome biogenesis, and its dysregulation may contribute to cancer development. However, the role of UTP4 in cancer remains unclear. The present study comprehensively investigated the expression and prognostic significance of UTP4 across multiple cancers, with a particular focus on gastric cancer (GC). Integrated bioinformatics analysis of public datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, revealed that UTP4 is frequently overexpressed in various tumors and associated with poor prognosis. Further analysis uncovered its correlations with genetic mutations, immune infiltration and immune checkpoint expression. Based on these findings and CRISPR‑Cas9 screening predictions, the functional role of UTP4 in GC cells was experimentally validated. The results demonstrated that UTP4 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These findings highlight UTP4 as a novel pan‑cancer biomarker and potential therapeutic target, providing a foundation for further clinical investigations.
View Figures

Figure 1

(A) UTP4 expression across pan-cancer
types based on the TCGA dataset. (B) Comparison of UTP4 expression
between paired tumor and normal samples from TCGA. (C) UTP4
expression across pan-cancer types using the TIMER2.0 database.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01 and
***P<0.001. TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; ns, not
significant. ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma; BLCA, bladder
urothelial carcinoma; BRCA, breast cancer; CESC, cervical squamous
cell carcinoma; CHOL, cholangiocarcinoma; COAD, colon
adenocarcinoma; DLBC, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; ESCA,
esophageal carcinoma; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; HNSC, head and
neck cancer; KICH, kidney chromophobe; KIRC, kidney renal clear
cell carcinoma; KIRP, kidney renal papillary carcinoma; LAML, acute
myeloid leukemia; LGG, low-grade glioma; LIHC, liver hepatocellular
carcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell
carcinoma; MESO, mesothelioma; OV, ovarian cancer; PAAD, pancreatic
adenocarcinoma; PCPG, pheochromocytoma; PRAD, prostate
adenocarcinoma; READ, rectum adenocarcinoma; SARC, sarcoma; SKCM,
skin cutaneous melanoma; STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; TGCT,
tenosynovial giant cell tumor; THCA, thyroid carcinoma; THYM,
thymoma; UCEC, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma; UCS, uterine
carcinosarcoma; UVM, uveal melanoma.

Figure 2

(A) UTP4 protein expression in COAD,
HNSC, KIRC, PAAD, UCEC, LUAD, LUSC, glioblastoma multiforme and
liver hepatocellular carcinoma from the UALCAN database. (B)
Differential UTP4 expression across pathological stages in COAD,
HNSC, KIRC, PAAD, UCEC and LUAD. *P<0.05,
**P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. COAD, colon
adenocarcinoma; HNSC, head and neck cancer; KIRC, kidney renal
clear cell carcinoma; PAAD, pancreatic adenocarcinoma; UCEC,
uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma;
RCC, renal cell carcinoma; ns, not significant.

Figure 3

(A-E) Tissue images displaying UTP4
expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal
stromal tumor, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, clear cell
renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer datasets, respectively.
Each shows the predominant cellular composition per spot after
spatial transcriptomic deconvolution and UTP4 localization within
spatial transcriptomes.

Figure 4

(A) Overall survival analysis of UTP4
using TCGA data. (B) ROC curves for UTP4 based on TCGA data. (C)
Comparison of overall survival by sex regarding UTP4 expression
based on TCGA data. TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; ACC, adenoid
cystic carcinoma; HNSC, head and neck cancer; KIRC, kidney renal
clear cell carcinoma; KICH, kidney chromophobe; GBMLGG,
glioblastoma and lower-grade glioma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma;
LGG, low-grade glioma; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; PAAD,
pancreatic adenocarcinoma; SARC, sarcoma; STAD, stomach
adenocarcinoma; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 5

(A) Frequency and alteration types of
UTP4 across cancers. (B) Specific mutation sites and mutation types
of UTP4 in pan-cancer. (C) Mutation landscape of UTP4 in
pan-cancer. TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Figure 6

(A) Correlations between UTP4
expression and 24 immune cell types across pan-cancer.
*P<0.05. (B) Correlations between UTP4 expression and
intratumoral microbes in pan-cancer. (C) Correlations between UTP4
and immune cells specifically in gastric cancer. ACC, adenoid
cystic carcinoma; BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma; BRCA, breast
cancer; CESC, cervical squamous cell carcinoma; CHOL,
cholangiocarcinoma; COAD, colon adenocarcinoma; DLBC, diffuse large
B-cell lymphoma; ESCA, esophageal carcinoma; GBM, glioblastoma
multiforme; HNSC, head and neck cancer; KICH, kidney chromophobe;
KIRC, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; KIRP, kidney renal
papillary carcinoma; LAML, acute myeloid leukemia; LGG, low-grade
glioma; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LUAD, lung
adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; MESO,
mesothelioma; OV, ovarian cancer; PAAD, pancreatic adenocarcinoma;
PCPG, pheochromocytoma; PRAD, prostate adenocarcinoma; READ, rectum
adenocarcinoma; SARC, sarcoma; SKCM, skin cutaneous melanoma; STAD,
stomach adenocarcinoma; TGCT, tenosynovial giant cell tumor; THCA,
thyroid carcinoma; THYM, thymoma; UCEC, uterine corpus endometrial
carcinoma; UCS, uterine carcinosarcoma; UVM, uveal melanoma.

Figure 7

(A and B) Bar charts illustrating
correlations between UTP4 expression and TMB and MSI across
pan-cancer. (C) Heatmap of correlation analysis between UTP4 and
two types of immune checkpoint marker genes
(*P<0.05). TMB, tumor mutational burden; MSI,
microsatellite instability.

Figure 8

(A) Protein-protein interaction
network of UTP4 from the STRING database. (B) Scatter plots
depicting the top 10 genes correlated with UTP4 (shaded area
indicates 95% confidence interval). (C and D) Bar charts and
enrichment map (EMAP) illustrating GO/KEGG enrichment analyses for
genes related to CCDC58. (E) Pearson correlation between UTP4
expression z-scores and GSVA scores of 14 tumor state parameters in
stomach adenocarcinoma. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes; BP, biological processes; CC, cellular
components; MF, molecular functions.

Figure 9

(A) Forest plot of univariate Cox
regression analysis results for UTP4 across pan-cancer. (B) Forest
plot of multivariate Cox regression analysis results for GC (STAD),
including variables pathological T stage, pathological N stage, age
and ‘UTP4 expression level’. ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma; BLCA,
bladder urothelial carcinoma; BRCA, breast cancer; CESC, cervical
squamous cell carcinoma; CHOL, cholangiocarcinoma; COAD, colon
adenocarcinoma; DLBC, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; ESCA,
esophageal carcinoma; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; HNSC, head and
neck cancer; KICH, kidney chromophobe; KIRC, kidney renal clear
cell carcinoma; KIRP, kidney renal papillary carcinoma; LAML, acute
myeloid leukemia; LGG, low-grade glioma; LIHC, liver hepatocellular
carcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell
carcinoma; MESO, mesothelioma; OV, ovarian cancer; PAAD, pancreatic
adenocarcinoma; PCPG, pheochromocytoma; PRAD, prostate
adenocarcinoma; READ, rectum adenocarcinoma; SARC, sarcoma; SKCM,
skin cutaneous melanoma; STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; TGCT,
tenosynovial giant cell tumor; THCA, thyroid carcinoma; THYM,
thymoma; UCEC, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma; UCS, uterine
carcinosarcoma; UVM, uveal melanoma.

Figure 10

(A) Bayesian colocalization analysis
of UTP4 with pan-cancer (ieu-b-4966). (B) Bayesian colocalization
analysis of UTP4 with GC (STAD, ebi-a-GCST90018629).

Figure 11

Visualization of CERES growth
essentiality scores for UTP4 across the top 200 pan-cancer cell
lines (y-axis represents CERES scores; x-axis indicates different
cell lines; colors represent different tumor types). BLCA, bladder
urothelial carcinoma; BRCA, breast cancer; CESC, cervical squamous
cell carcinoma; CHOL, cholangiocarcinoma; CRC, colorectal cancer;
ESCA, esophageal carcinoma; GBAD, gallbladder adenocarcinoma; LAML,
acute myeloid leukemia; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; MESO,
mesothelioma; MM, multiple myeloma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung
cancer; OV, ovarian cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; SARC,
sarcoma; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; SKCM, skin cutaneous
melanoma; STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; UCEC, uterine corpus
endometrial carcinoma; UVM, uveal melanoma.

Figure 12

(A) UTP4 mRNA expression levels in
GES-1, AGS and MKN-45 cells. (B and C) Validation of UTP4 knockdown
efficiency mediated by the selected sgRNA (sgUTP4#2) via qPCR. (D
and E) Cell proliferation assays. (F and G) Wound healing assays
assessing cell migration. (H and I) Flow cytometric analysis of
apoptosis rates in AGS and MKN-45 cells. *P<0.05,
**P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and
****P<0.0001.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wei D, Lei T, Che Y and Hu Q: Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 24: 24, 2026.
APA
Wei, D., Lei, T., Che, Y., & Hu, Q. (2026). Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 24, 24. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2933
MLA
Wei, D., Lei, T., Che, Y., Hu, Q."Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24.4 (2026): 24.
Chicago
Wei, D., Lei, T., Che, Y., Hu, Q."Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24, no. 4 (2026): 24. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2933
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wei D, Lei T, Che Y and Hu Q: Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 24: 24, 2026.
APA
Wei, D., Lei, T., Che, Y., & Hu, Q. (2026). Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 24, 24. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2933
MLA
Wei, D., Lei, T., Che, Y., Hu, Q."Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24.4 (2026): 24.
Chicago
Wei, D., Lei, T., Che, Y., Hu, Q."Pan‑cancer analysis and experimental validation reveal UTP4 as a novel biomarker for gastric cancer". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24, no. 4 (2026): 24. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2933
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