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Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression

  • Authors:
    • Yuchun Wu
    • Changjiang Fan
    • Jiaqi Zhou
    • Fengshan Huang
    • Yang Zhang
    • Yuqi He
    • Jianxun Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 29
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    Published online on: March 3, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2938
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common malignancy worldwide, presents significant treatment challenges due to an incomplete understanding of its molecular progression. Therefore, identifying the specific developmental mechanisms of CRC holds potential to improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In the present study, RNA‑sequencing analysis of samples from patients with an early‑stage tumor, advanced carcinoma or adenoma was conducted with the aim of uncovering differentially expressed genes. At the same time, gene knockdown and tumor‑related phenotype verification were conducted using a normal colon epithelial cell line. Subsequently, a group of genes related to the target gene was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the differences in colon tumor mutation burden, immune infiltration, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ferroptosis were observed between samples with high and low expression of the gene group. Microsomal glutathione S‑transferase 3 (MGST3) was identified as a crucial tumor‑suppressive gene in colon cancer pathogenesis. Functional studies demonstrated that MGST3 knockdown in normal human colonic epithelial cells activated glutathione metabolic pathways and induced tumorigenic transformation, characterized by accelerated proliferation and suppression of EMT. TCGA database analysis revealed distinct phenotypes associated with low MGST3 expression, including elevated tumor mutational burden, attenuated EMT processes, diminished immune cell infiltration and enhanced ferroptosis. These findings establish MGST3 as a potential novel regulator of colon carcinogenesis, with its downregulation creating a tumor microenvironment conducive to ferroptosis while simultaneously suppressing EMT and immune responses. The present study not only elucidates previously unrecognized mechanisms driving colon cancer progression but also identifies MGST3‑related pathways as promising therapeutic targets for intervention.
View Figures

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the experimental
workflow. RNA-seq, RNA sequencing; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas;
MGST3, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3.

Figure 2

Discovering a gene cluster that has
low expression in colorectal cancer. (A) Four types of clustering
analysis of differentially expressed genes between different
tumors: Adjacent normal tissues (n=4), villous adenoma (n=3),
tubular adenoma (n=2), pathological T1/T2 (n=3) and pathological
T3/T4 (n=2). (B) The top 10 pathways enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes clustering analysis of the Cluster 3 genes.
(Fisher's exact test). (C) The molecular interaction network with
the most genes in Cluster 3. The genes within the pink dashed box
represents those enriched in the glutathione pathway. (D)
Differential analysis of normal, pathological T1/T2 tumor and
pathological T3/T4 tumor tissues according to TCGA database
(TCGA-COAD cohort). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test
followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test;
****P<0.0001. ns, not significant; FPKM, fragments
per kilobase of exon model per million mapped fragments; TCGA, The
Cancer Genome Atlas; COAD, colon adenocarcinoma.

Figure 3

Differences in tumor characteristics
and the immune microenvironment in glutathione gene set expression
profiles in The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma cohort.
(A) Differences in TMB between the high (n=178) and low (n=179)
glutathione gene set expression samples (two-tailed unpaired
t-test; *P<0.05). (B) Distribution of high and low
glutathione gene set expression across lymphocyte, macrophage,
dendritic cell, mast cell, neutrophil and eosinophil populations
(two-tailed unpaired t-test; ns, not significant;
**P<0.01, ****P<0.0001). (C) Difference
in the EMT scores (gene set: EMTome) between the high (n=236) and
low (n=235) glutathione gene set expression samples (two-tailed
unpaired t-test; ***P<0.001). (D) EMT scores [gene
set: Tan et al (20)]
between high (n=236) and low (n=235) glutathione gene set
expression samples (two-tailed unpaired t-test; ns, not
significant; **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001).
(E) Differences in immune score, estimate comprehensive score and
stromal score between the high (n=236) and low (n=235) glutathione
gene set expression samples. (two-tailed unpaired t-test;
*P<0.05, ***P<0.001). EMT,
epithelial-mesenchymal transition; TMB, tumor mutation burden.

Figure 4

Knockdown of MGST3 promotes cell
proliferation and migration. (A) Protein expression levels were
assessed in NCM460 cell lines following knockdown with shMGST3 or
shNC. (B) Proliferation analysis of shMGST3 and shNC cells. Top:
Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's
multiple comparisons test; ****P<0.0001). (C)
Proliferation analysis of shMGST3 and shNC cells: Colony formation
assay. (D) Migration analysis of shMGST3 and shNC cells: Transwell
assay (magnification, x20). (E) Migration analysis of shMGST3 and
shNC cells: Scratch healing assay (magnification, x4). Two-tailed
unpaired t-test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
MGST3, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3; sh, short hairpin
RNA; NC, negative control.

Figure 5

Relationship between the glutathione
gene set dysfunction and ferroptosis. (A) The expression
differences of ferroptosis-related genes in the glutathione gene
set between the low (n=235) and high (n=236) expression samples in
TCGA database (TCGA-COAD cohort) (two-tailed unpaired t-test;
*P<0.05, **P<0.01,
****P<0.0001). (B) The enrichment status of the
glutathione gene set between the low (n=235) and high (n=236)
expression samples in the reactive oxygen species-related gene set
by GSEA analysis. (C) The enrichment status of the glutathione gene
set between the low (n=235) and high (n=236) expression samples in
the fatty acid metabolism gene set by GSEA analysis
(Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). FPKM, fragments per kilobase of exon
model per million mapped fragments; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4;
HSPB1, heat shock protein family B (small) member 1; SLC40A1,
solute carrier family 40 member 1; LCN2, lipocalin-2; GSEA, Gene
Set Enrichment Analysis; NES, normalized enrichment score; KEGG,
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; TCGA, The Cancer Genome
Atlas; COAD, colon adenocarcinoma.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu Y, Fan C, Zhou J, Huang F, Zhang Y, He Y and Wang J: Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression. Mol Clin Oncol 24: 29, 2026.
APA
Wu, Y., Fan, C., Zhou, J., Huang, F., Zhang, Y., He, Y., & Wang, J. (2026). Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 24, 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2938
MLA
Wu, Y., Fan, C., Zhou, J., Huang, F., Zhang, Y., He, Y., Wang, J."Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24.5 (2026): 29.
Chicago
Wu, Y., Fan, C., Zhou, J., Huang, F., Zhang, Y., He, Y., Wang, J."Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24, no. 5 (2026): 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2938
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu Y, Fan C, Zhou J, Huang F, Zhang Y, He Y and Wang J: Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression. Mol Clin Oncol 24: 29, 2026.
APA
Wu, Y., Fan, C., Zhou, J., Huang, F., Zhang, Y., He, Y., & Wang, J. (2026). Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 24, 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2938
MLA
Wu, Y., Fan, C., Zhou, J., Huang, F., Zhang, Y., He, Y., Wang, J."Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24.5 (2026): 29.
Chicago
Wu, Y., Fan, C., Zhou, J., Huang, F., Zhang, Y., He, Y., Wang, J."Downregulation of MGST3 promotes colorectal cancer progression". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24, no. 5 (2026): 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2938
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