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Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Hanrui Zhang
    • Jia Feng
    • Xidan Zhu
    • Fuyou Fu
    • Baolin Li
    • Tongtong Guo
    • Jinbo Liu
    • Ping Zhan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 35
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    Published online on: March 19, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2944
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Abstract

The morbidity and mortality of gynecological tumors have been increasing globally in recent years. The identification of new biomarkers and drug targets has become an opportunity and challenge in the treatment of these tumor types. In recent years, the role of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the development of gynecological tumors has attracted attention, and existing studies have shown that complement component 1 Q subcomponent‑binding protein (C1QBP) is involved in critical biological processes such as proliferation, migration and invasion of these tumors. However, the specific mechanism and function of C1QBP in gynecological tumors remain unknown and further studies are still needed to reveal its role and clinical application prospects. Therefore, the present review describes the changes and mechanism, such as in the apoptosis and invasion of tumor cells, of C1QBP in cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancer. The present review examines the current research progress on C1QBP in gynecological tumors to provide new ideas and methods for diagnosing and treating this disease.
View Figures

Figure 1

Schematic of C1QBP and notable amino
acid sites.

Figure 2

C1QBP can interact with a number of
ligands with different properties and positions. (A) C1QBP is
involved in the regulation of immune function. C1q is the initial
molecule of the classical complement pathway, which can recognize
immune complexes and initiate the classical pathway of the
complement system (12). (B) C1QBP
can promote the coagulation process by inhibiting fibrin
polymerization (20). (C) C1QBP is
involved in the regulation of nuclear function; it can not only be
used as a regulator of apoptosis, but also regulates the splicing
process through the interaction with various splicing factors and
modulating their function (8). (D)
C1QBP is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
C1QBP plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of proteins encoded by
the mitochondrial genome, especially in maintaining oxidative
stress (20). C1QBP has also been
found to affect mitochondrial metabolism and kinetic processes in
recent years (16). (E) C1QBP
promotes the occurrence of microbial infection. The process of
Staphylococcus aureus protein A recognizing platelet C1QBP
is key to the pathogenesis of S. aureus (23). HCV, HIV and other virions can bind
to C1QBP on the surface of T lymphocytes and inhibit the
proliferation of T cells, thus exerting immunosuppressive effects
(24). Plasmodium
falciparum infected red blood cells can not only use C1QBP as a
receptor to bind to human endothelial cells but also bind to C1QBP
on platelets to form clumps, thereby mediating vascular endothelial
cell proliferation. These two factors are the key mechanisms of
malaria pathogenesis (1). (F)
C1QBP is involved in the occurrence, progression, metastasis and
prognosis of cancer and can also be used as a molecular target for
cancer treatment (32,103). TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid
cycle; C1QBP, complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding
protein; HVC, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency
virus.

Figure 3

Role of C1QBP in gynecological
tumors. (A) C1QBP and endometrial cancer. C1QBP may be used as a
biomarker to predict the progression and prognosis of endometrial
cancer (103). (B) C1QBP and
ovarian cancer. C1QBP is highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues
and metastases and its expression level gradually increases with
the grade and stage of the tumor, which is negatively correlated
with the prognosis of the patient (4,64).
(C) C1QBP and cervical cancer. C1QBP is involved in the immune
escape of tumor cells in HPV16-induced cervical cancer. E2 induces
apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by upregulating the expression
of C1QBP (4,81). Another study has found two
apoptosis pathways in cervical cancer cells that involve C1QBP,
providing a new basis for finding new therapeutic targets for
cervical cancer in the future (78). HPV, human papillomavirus; C1QBP,
complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang H, Feng J, Zhu X, Fu F, Li B, Guo T, Liu J and Zhan P: Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 24: 35, 2026.
APA
Zhang, H., Feng, J., Zhu, X., Fu, F., Li, B., Guo, T. ... Zhan, P. (2026). Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 24, 35. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2944
MLA
Zhang, H., Feng, J., Zhu, X., Fu, F., Li, B., Guo, T., Liu, J., Zhan, P."Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24.5 (2026): 35.
Chicago
Zhang, H., Feng, J., Zhu, X., Fu, F., Li, B., Guo, T., Liu, J., Zhan, P."Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24, no. 5 (2026): 35. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2944
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang H, Feng J, Zhu X, Fu F, Li B, Guo T, Liu J and Zhan P: Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 24: 35, 2026.
APA
Zhang, H., Feng, J., Zhu, X., Fu, F., Li, B., Guo, T. ... Zhan, P. (2026). Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 24, 35. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2944
MLA
Zhang, H., Feng, J., Zhu, X., Fu, F., Li, B., Guo, T., Liu, J., Zhan, P."Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24.5 (2026): 35.
Chicago
Zhang, H., Feng, J., Zhu, X., Fu, F., Li, B., Guo, T., Liu, J., Zhan, P."Unveiling the mysteries of C1QBP in gynecological tumors (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 24, no. 5 (2026): 35. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2026.2944
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