A nitrous oxide abuser presenting with cerebral venous thrombosis: A case report
- Authors:
- Shum-Shin Lin
- I-Wei Fan
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Yu-Jang Su
View Affiliations
Affiliations: Department of Emergency Medicine, Tao‑Yuan General Hospital, Taoyuan City 330, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Published online on: June 7, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2022.45
-
Article Number:
20
-
Copyright: © Lin
et al. This is an open access article distributed under the
terms of Creative
Commons Attribution License.
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Abstract
The present study describes the case of a 25‑year‑old male patient who presented to the emergency department with severe headache and vertigo lasting for 3 days. The patient did not have a recent history of trauma. He was vaccinated with a second dose of the AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine ~1 month prior, and he suffered from a vitamin B12 deficiency due to nitrous oxide abuse. Upon an examination of his vital signs, he was found to have a body temperature of 36.4˚C, a pulse rate of 64 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute and a blood pressure of 119/68 mmHg. A neurological examination only revealed left homonymous upper quadrantanopia. The serum platelet count of the patient was 361x1,000/µl and he had elevated D‑dimer levels (0.98 µg/ml). A provisional clinical diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular accident was made. A computed tomography scan of the head revealed an abnormal hyperattenuation in the straight sinus and bilateral transverse sinuses. A diagnosis of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) was made following a consultation with a neurologist. The patient was treated with enoxaparin at 6,000 IU, levetiracetam at 1,000 mg and mannitol at 100 ml via an intravenous drip. After admission, magnetic resonance venography revealed the absence of flow in the straight sinus and bilateral transverse sinuses. A thrombophilic investigation revealed a plasma homocysteine level of 59.03 µmol/l (upper normal limit, 15.39 µmol/l), a vitamin B12 level of <148 (lower normal limit, 187 pg/ml). CSVT secondary to homocystinemia was diagnosed. The treatment included anticoagulation and vitamin B12 supplementation. The patient was administered vitamin B12 at 500 mcg twice per day, pyridoxine at 50 mg per day, folic acid at 5 mg two times per day and edoxaban at 60 mg per day. After 7 days of treatment, his headache and quadrantanopia were improved, and the patient was discharged.
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