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Review Open Access

Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Gayathri Kannan
    • Gayathri Kumar
    • Potluri Leela Ravishankar
    • Gracelin Solomon
    • Kalaivani Varatharajan
    • Viola Esther Paneerselvan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
    Copyright: © Kannan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 50
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    Published online on: August 7, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.334
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Abstract

The tooth‑supporting structures gradually deteriorate due to periodontal disease and standard regenerative therapies are currently being modified using adjunctive strategies to optimise the treatment outcomes. Nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which contain bioactive molecules, function as mediators of immunomodulation, regeneration, and tissue repair. Recent research indicates that exosomes may enhance periodontal regeneration through immunomodulation, osteogenesis and angiogenesis from various stem cells. It is suggested that exosomes promote fibroblast proliferation, reduce inflammation and accelerate bone/cementum regeneration. Scaffold‑loaded exosomes provide sustained release. The purpose of the present review was to discuss the functions of exosomes and their potential to be used as therapeutic agents in periodontal regeneration. For this purpose, the terms ‘Exosomes’, ‘Extracellular Vesicles’ and ‘Periodontal Regeneration’ were searched in Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed databases to identify articles in the English language published up to June, 2025. Grey literature was searched through an internet‑based free tool created by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Two independent reviewers evaluated the titles and abstracts of the retrieved studies, followed by a detailed review of the full texts to extract information relevant to the research objective. While further clinical research is required to validate their regenerative potential, the evidence generally points to exosomes as promising therapeutic agents. Although the available data are encouraging, standardized procedures and clinical trials are required before they can be routinely used in clinical settings, to address challenges with delivery and isolation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Illustration of the overview of role
of exosomes in periodontal regeneration.

Figure 2

Illustration of the multiple
functions of exosomes and their role in supporting periodontal
regeneration through three main processes: Angiogenesis, tissue
repair and immunomodulation. ECs, endothelial cells; VEGF, vascular
endothelial growth factor; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2; PDGF,
platelet-derived growth factor.
View References

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Spandidos Publications style
Kannan G, Kumar G, Ravishankar PL, Solomon G, Varatharajan K and Paneerselvan VE: Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review). Med Int 6: 50, 2026.
APA
Kannan, G., Kumar, G., Ravishankar, P.L., Solomon, G., Varatharajan, K., & Paneerselvan, V.E. (2026). Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review). Medicine International, 6, 50. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.334
MLA
Kannan, G., Kumar, G., Ravishankar, P. L., Solomon, G., Varatharajan, K., Paneerselvan, V. E."Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review)". Medicine International 6.5 (2026): 50.
Chicago
Kannan, G., Kumar, G., Ravishankar, P. L., Solomon, G., Varatharajan, K., Paneerselvan, V. E."Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review)". Medicine International 6, no. 5 (2026): 50. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.334
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kannan G, Kumar G, Ravishankar PL, Solomon G, Varatharajan K and Paneerselvan VE: Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review). Med Int 6: 50, 2026.
APA
Kannan, G., Kumar, G., Ravishankar, P.L., Solomon, G., Varatharajan, K., & Paneerselvan, V.E. (2026). Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review). Medicine International, 6, 50. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.334
MLA
Kannan, G., Kumar, G., Ravishankar, P. L., Solomon, G., Varatharajan, K., Paneerselvan, V. E."Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review)". Medicine International 6.5 (2026): 50.
Chicago
Kannan, G., Kumar, G., Ravishankar, P. L., Solomon, G., Varatharajan, K., Paneerselvan, V. E."Exosome‑based strategies for periodontal regeneration: Current insights and future prospects (Review)". Medicine International 6, no. 5 (2026): 50. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.334
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