|
1
|
van der Lely AJ, Tschöp M, Heiman ML and
Ghigo E: Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and
pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. Endocr Rev. 25:426–457.
2004.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Guan XM, Yu H, Palyha OC, et al:
Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue
receptor in brain and peripheral tissues. Brain Res Mol Brain Res.
48:23–29. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
Shuto Y, Shibasaki T, Wada K, et al:
Generation of polyclonal antiserum against the growth hormone
secretagogue receptor (GHS-R): evidence that the GHS-R exists in
the hypothalamus, pituitary and stomach of rats. Life Sci.
68:991–996. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
4
|
Kojima M, Hosoda H and Kangawa K:
Purification and distribution of ghrelin: the natural endogenous
ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Horm Res.
56(Suppl 1): S93–S97. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Yokote R, Sato M, Matsubara S, et al:
Molecular cloning and gene expression of growth hormone-releasing
peptide receptor in rat tissues. Peptides. 19:15–20. 1998.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Date Y, Kojima M, Hosoda H, et al:
Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is
synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the
gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology.
141:4255–4261. 2000.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Kamegai J, Tamura H, Shimizu T, et al:
Central effect of ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone
secretagogue, on hypothalamic peptide gene expression.
Endocrinology. 141:4797–4800. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Mori K, Yoshimoto A, Takaya K, et al:
Kidney produces a novel acylated peptide, ghrelin. FEBS Lett.
486:213–216. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al: Ghrelin
is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.
Nature. 402:656–660. 1999. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Dimaraki EV and Jaffe CA: Role of
endogenous ghrelin in growth hormone secretion, appetite regulation
and metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 7:237–249. 2006.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Arakawa M, Suzuki H, Minegishi Y, et al:
Enhanced ghrelin expression and subsequent acid secretion in mice
with genetic H(2)-receptor knockout. J Gastroenterol. 42:711–718.
2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Asakawa A, Inui A, Fujimiya M, et al:
Stomach regulates energy balance via acylated ghrelin and desacyl
ghrelin. Gut. 54:18–24. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Nagaya N and Kangawa K: Ghrelin, a novel
growth hormone-releasing peptide, in the treatment of chronic heart
failure. Regul Pept. 114:71–77. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Fujino K, Inui A, Asakawa A, et al:
Ghrelin induces fasted motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract
in conscious fed rats. J Physiol. 550:227–240. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15
|
Tack J, Depoortere I, Bisschops R, et al:
Influence of ghrelin on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in
humans. Gut. 55:327–333. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Taniguchi H, Ariga H, Zheng J, et al:
Effects of ghrelin on interdigestive contractions of the rat
gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol. 14:6299–6302. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Trudel L, Tomasetto C, Rio MC, et al:
Ghrelin/motilin-related peptide is a potent prokinetic to reverse
gastric postoperative ileus in rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver
Physiol. 282:G948–G952. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Sun Y, Butte NF, Garcia JM and Smith RG:
Characterization of adult ghrelin and ghrelin receptor knockout
mice under positive and negative energy balance. Endocrinology.
149:843–850. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Sun Y, Wang P, Zheng H and Smith RG:
Ghrelin stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite is
mediated through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:4679–4684. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Chen D, Zhao CM, Håkanson R, et al:
Altered control of gastric acid secretion in
gastrin-cholecystokinin double mutant mice. Gastroenterology.
126:476–487. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
Nicklas W, Baneux P, Boot R, et al:
Recommendations for the health monitoring of rodent and rabbit
colonies in breeding and experimental units. Lab Anim. 36:20–42.
2002. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
22
|
Scarpignato C, Capovilla T and Bertaccini
G: Action of caerulein on gastric emptying of the conscious rat.
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 246:286–294. 1980.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23
|
Amira S, Soufane S and Gharzouli K: Effect
of sodium fluoride on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in
mice. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 57:59–64. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Kitazawa T, De Smet B, Verbeke K, et al:
Gastric motor effects of peptide and non-peptide ghrelin agonists
in mice in vivo and in vitro. Gut. 54:1078–1084. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Nakamura T, Onaga T and Kitazawa T:
Ghrelin stimulates gastric motility of the guinea pig through
activation of a capsaicin-sensitive neural pathway: in vivo and in
vitro functional studies. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 22:446–452.
2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
26
|
Mulè F, Amato A, Baldassano S and Serio R:
Involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the modulation of
cholinergic neurotransmission in mouse gastric preparations.
Pharmacol Res. 56:185–192. 2007.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Kamiji MM, Troncon LE, Suen VM and de
Oliveira RB: Gastrointestinal transit, appetite, and energy balance
in gastrectomized patients. Am J Clin Nutri. 89:231–239. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Kobashi M, Yanagihara M, Fujita M, et al:
Fourth ventricular administration of ghrelin induces relaxation of
the proximal stomach in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp
Physiol. 296:R217–R223. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Tups A, Helwig M, Khorooshi RM, et al:
Circulating ghrelin levels and central ghrelin receptor expression
are elevated in response to food deprivation in a seasonal mammal
(Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroendocrinol. 16:922–928. 2004.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Ammori JB, Zhang WZ, Li JY, et al: Effects
of ghrelin on neuronal survival in cells derived from dorsal motor
nucleus of the vagus. Surgery. 144:159–167. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31
|
Kamiji MM, Troncon LE, Antunes-Rodrigues
J, et al: Ghrelin and PYY(3–36) in gastrectomized and vagotomized
patients: relations with appetite, energy intake and resting energy
expenditure. Eur J Clin Nutr. 64:845–852. 2010.
|
|
32
|
Edholm T, Levin F, Hellström PM and
Schmidt PT: Ghrelin stimulates motility in the small intestine of
rats through intrinsic cholinergic neurons. Regul Pept. 121:25–30.
2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
Kobelt P, Tebbe JJ, Tjandra I, et al: CCK
inhibits the orexigenic effect of peripheral ghrelin. Am J Physiol
Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 288:R751–R758. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Kleinz MJ, Maguire JJ, Skepper JN and
Davenport AP: Functional and immunocytochemical evidence for a role
of ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin in the regulation of vascular
tone in man. Cardiovasc Res. 69:227–235. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Murakami N, Hayashida T, Kuroiwa T, et al:
Role for central ghrelin in food intake and secretion profile of
stomach ghrelin in rats. J Endocrinol. 174:283–288. 2002.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36
|
Bassil AK, Dass NB and Sanger GJ: The
prokinetic-like activity of ghrelin in rat isolated stomach is
mediated via cholinergic and tachykininergic motor neurones. Eur J
Pharmacol. 544:146–152. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Qiu WC, Wang ZG, Wang WG, et al:
Therapeutic effects of ghrelin and growth hormone releasing peptide
6 on gastroparesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic guinea pigs
in vivo and in vitro. Chinese Med J (Engl). 121:1183–1188.
2008.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Dass NB, Munonyara M, Bassil AK, et al:
Growth hormone secretagogue receptors in rat and human
gastrointestinal tract and the effects of ghrelin. Neuroscience.
120:443–453. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
39
|
Depoortere I, De Winter B, Thijs T, et al:
Comparison of the gastroprokinetic effects of ghrelin, GHRP-6 and
motilin in rats in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 515:160–168.
2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
