Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
March 2013 Volume 7 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March 2013 Volume 7 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells

  • Authors:
    • Tomasz P. Lehmann
    • Tomasz Wrzesiński
    • Paweł P. Jagodziński
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60‑781, Poland
  • Pages: 893-900
    |
    Published online on: December 18, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1244
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Mitotane, also known as o,p'‑DDD or (RS)‑1‑chl­oro‑2‑[2,2‑dichloro‑1‑(4‑chlorophenyl)‑ethyl]‑benzene, is an adrenal cortex-specific cytotoxic drug used in the therapy of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). The drug also inhibits steroidogenesis, however, the mechanisms of its anticancer and antisteroidogenic effects remain unknown. At present, data on the impact of mitotane on cell viability and the regulation of genes encoding proteins associated with steroids synthesis in the adrenal cortex, including cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), are limited and contradictory. In the present study, the effect of 24‑h mitotane treatment on viability of the ACC cell line, NCI‑H295R, was analyzed, identifying a decrease in cell viability and an increase in caspase‑3 and ‑7 activities. Mitotane treatment also led to decreased cortisol and DHEAS concentration in the culture media. Concomitantly, mitotane resulted in decreased mRNA levels of two cytochromes P450 (CYP11A1 and CYP17A1), mRNAs encoding proteins involved in the synthesis of cortisol and DHEAS. Mitotane did not affect mRNA levels of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (encoding p21) and MYC (encoding cMyc). cMyc and p21 are key transcription factors associated with cell cycle regulation. However, mitotane inhibited expression of transforming growth factor β1 gene, encoding a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. PRKAR1A, a protein kinase A regulatory subunit, is involved in the activation of steroidogenesis. PRKAR1A mRNA levels were reduced following 24‑h treatment with mitotane. Results indicate that mitotane markedly inhibited expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, secretion of cortisol and DHEAS. Reduced expression of TGFB1 cannot account fully for the effect of mitotane on CYP11A1 and CYP17A1. We hypothesized that reduced viability of NCI‑H295R cells in the presence of mitotane may be a result of apoptosis triggered by increased caspase‑3 and ‑7 activities. Since p21 and cMyc mRNA levels were stable in the presence of mitotane, the mechanism by which caspase‑3 and ‑7 are induced remains unknown.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Hahner S and Fassnacht M: Mitotane for adrenocortical carcinoma treatment. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 6:386–394. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Huang H and Fojo T: Adjuvant mitotane for adrenocortical cancer - a recurring controversy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 93:3730–3732. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hermsen IG, Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, Houterman S, den Hartigh J, Leboulleux S, Daffara F, Berruti A, Chadarevian R, Schlumberger M, Allolio B, Haak HR and Baudin E: Plasma concentrations of o,p'DDD, o,p'DDA and o,p'DDE as predictors of tumor response to mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma: results of a retrospective ENS@T multicenter study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96:1844–1851. 2011.

4 

Allolio B and Fassnacht M: Clinical review: Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91:2027–2037. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Libe R, Fratticci A and Bertherat J: Adrenocortical cancer: pathophysiology and clinical management. Endocr Relat Cancer. 14:13–28. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Kirschner LS: Emerging treatment strategies for adrenocortical carcinoma: a new hope. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91:14–21. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Zini L, Porpiglia F and Fassnacht M: Contemporary management of adrenocortical carcinoma. Eur Urol. 60:1055–1065. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Haak HR, Hermans J, van de Velde CJ, Lentjes EG, Goslings BM, Fleuren GJ and Krans HM: Optimal treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma with mitotane: results in a consecutive series of 96 patients. Br J Cancer. 69:947–951. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gicquel C, Bertagna X, Gaston V, Coste J, Louvel A, Baudin E, Bertherat J, Chapuis Y, Duclos JM, Schlumberger M, Plouin PF, Luton JP and Le Bouc Y: Molecular markers and long-term recurrences in a large cohort of patients with sporadic adrenocortical tumors. Cancer Res. 61:6762–6767. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ragazzon B, Libe R, Gaujoux S, Assie G, Fratticci A, Launay P, Clauser E, Bertagna X, Tissier F, de Reynies A and Bertherat J: Transcriptome analysis reveals that p53 and {beta}-catenin alterations occur in a group of aggressive adrenocortical cancers. Cancer Res. 70:8276–8281. 2010.

11 

Asp V, Ulleras E, Lindstrom V, Bergstrom U, Oskarsson A and Brandt I: Biphasic hormonal responses to the adrenocorticolytic DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE in human cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 242:281–289. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lin CW, Chang YH and Pu HF: Mitotane exhibits dual effects on steroidogenic enzymes gene transcription under basal and cAMP-stimulating microenvironments in NCI-H295 cells. Toxicology. 298:14–23. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Gilep AA, Sushko TA and Usanov SA: At the crossroads of steroid hormone biosynthesis: the role, substrate specificity and evolutionary development of CYP17. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1814:200–209. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Chung BC, Picado-Leonard J, Haniu M, Bienkowski M, Hall PF, Shively JE and Miller WL: Cytochrome P450c17 (steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase): cloning of human adrenal and testis cDNAs indicates the same gene is expressed in both tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 84:407–411. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Miller WL: Minireview: regulation of steroidogenesis by electron transfer. Endocrinology. 146:2544–2550. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Staels B, Hum DW and Miller WL: Regulation of steroidogenesis in NCI-H295 cells: a cellular model of the human fetal adrenal. Mol Endocrinol. 7:423–433. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Ahlman H, Khorram-Manesh A, Jansson S, Wangberg B, Nilsson O, Jacobsson CE and Lindstedt S: Cytotoxic treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma. World J Surg. 25:927–933. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Pushkarev VM, Tronko ND, Kostyuchenko NN and Mikosha AS: Effect of o,p'-DDD and Li+ on apoptotic DNA fragmentation in conventionally normal and tumour tissues of human adrenal cortex. Ukr Biokhim Zh. 79:44–49. 2007.

19 

de Fraipont F, El Atifi M, Cherradi N, Le Moigne G, Defaye G, Houlgatte R, Bertherat J, Bertagna X, Plouin PF, Baudin E, Berger F, Gicquel C, Chabre O and Feige JJ: Gene expression profiling of human adrenocortical tumors using complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarrays identifies several candidate genes as markers of malignancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90:1819–1829. 2005.

20 

Dohna M, Reincke M, Mincheva A, Allolio B, Solinas-Toldo S and Lichter P: Adrenocortical carcinoma is characterized by a high frequency of chromosomal gains and high-level amplifications. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 28:145–152. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Kjellman M, Kallioniemi OP, Karhu R, Hoog A, Farnebo LO, Auer G, Larsson C and Backdahl M: Genetic aberrations in adrenocortical tumors detected using comparative genomic hybridization correlate with tumor size and malignancy. Cancer Res. 56:4219–4223. 1996.

22 

Stephan EA, Chung TH, Grant CS, Kim S, Von Hoff DD, Trent JM and Demeure MJ: Adrenocortical carcinoma survival rates correlated to genomic copy number variants. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:425–431. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Moore CC, Hum DW and Miller WL: Identification of positive and negative placenta-specific basal elements and a cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate response element in the human gene for P450scc. Mol Endocrinol. 6:2045–2058. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sewer MB, Nguyen VQ, Huang CJ, Tucker PW, Kagawa N and Waterman MR: Transcriptional activation of human CYP17 in H295R adrenocortical cells depends on complex formation among p54(nrb)/NonO, protein-associated splicing factor and SF-1, a complex that also participates in repression of transcription. Endocrinology. 143:1280–1290. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Asp V, Lindstrom V, Olsson JA, Bergstrom U and Brandt I: Cytotoxicity and decreased corticosterone production in adrenocortical Y-1 cells by 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE and structurally related molecules. Arch Toxicol. 83:389–396. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Shi YQ, Li HW, Wang YP, Liu CJ and Yang KD: p,p'-DDE induces apoptosis and mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes in testes of pubertal rats. Environ Toxicol. Mar 7–2011.(Epub ahead of print).

27 

Burow ME, Tang Y, Collins-Burow BM, Krajewski S, Reed JC, McLachlan JA and Beckman BS: Effects of environmental estrogens on tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Carcinogenesis. 20:2057–2061. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Boatright KM and Salvesen GS: Mechanisms of caspase activation. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 15:725–731. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lakhani SA, Masud A, Kuida K, Porter GA Jr, Booth CJ, Mehal WZ, Inayat I and Flavell RA: Caspases 3 and 7: key mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis. Science. 311:847–851. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Alenzi FQ, Lotfy M and Wyse R: Swords of cell death: caspase activation and regulation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 11:271–280. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Fuentes-Prior P and Salvesen GS: The protein structures that shape caspase activity, specificity, activation and inhibition. Biochem J. 384:201–232. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Hogel H, Rantanen K, Jokilehto T, Grenman R and Jaakkola PM: Prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 enhances the hypoxic survival and G1 to S transition of carcinoma cells. PLoS One. 6:e271122011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wilhelm S, Wagner H and Hacker G: Activation of caspase-3-like enzymes in non-apoptotic T cells. Eur J Immunol. 28:891–900. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Feige JJ, Cochet C and Chambaz EM: Type beta transforming growth factor is a potent modulator of differentiated adrenocortical cell functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 139:693–700. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Riopel L, Branchaud CL, Goodyer CG, Adkar V and Lefebvre Y: Growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-B on human fetal adrenal cells in primary monolayer culture. J Cell Physiol. 140:233–238. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Ragazzon B, Cazabat L, Rizk-Rabin M, Assie G, Groussin L, Fierrard H, Perlemoine K, Martinez A and Bertherat J: Inactivation of the Carney complex gene 1 (protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1A) inhibits SMAD3 expression and TGF beta-stimulated apoptosis in adrenocortical cells. Cancer Res. 69:7278–7284. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Khaidakov M, Szwedo J, Mitra S and Mehta JL: Angiostatic effects of aspirin in hypoxia-reoxygenation are linked to modulation of TGFbeta1 signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 16:105–110. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Nieminen AI, Partanen JI and Klefstrom J: c-Myc blazing a trail of death: coupling of the mitochondrial and death receptor apoptosis pathways by c-Myc. Cell Cycle. 6:2464–2472. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Prendergast GC: Mechanisms of apoptosis by c-Myc. Oncogene. 18:2967–2987. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Gartel AL and Tyner AL: The role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther. 1:639–649. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Shin H, Lee YS and Lee YC: Sodium butyrate-induced DAPK-mediated apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 27:1111–1115. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Suzuki A, Kawano H, Hayashida M, Hayasaki Y, Tsutomi Y and Akahane K: Procaspase 3/p21 complex formation to resist fas-mediated cell death is initiated as a result of the phosphorylation of p21 by protein kinase A. Cell Death Differ. 7:721–728. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Tait SW and Green DR: Mitochondria and cell death: outer membrane permeabilization and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 11:621–632. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Chen CW, Hurd C, Vorojeikina DP, Arnold SF and Notides AC: Transcriptional activation of the human estrogen receptor by DDT isomers and metabolites in yeast and MCF-7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 53:1161–1172. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Gell JS, Oh J, Rainey WE and Carr BR: Effect of estradiol on DHEAS production in the human adrenocortical cell line, H295R. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 5:144–148. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Vanttinen T, Liu J, Kuulasmaa T, Kivinen P and Voutilainen R: Expression of activin/inhibin signaling components in the human adrenal gland and the effects of activins and inhibins on adrenocortical steroidogenesis and apoptosis. J Endocrinol. 178:479–489. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lehmann TP, Wrzesiński T and Jagodziński PP: The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells. Mol Med Rep 7: 893-900, 2013.
APA
Lehmann, T.P., Wrzesiński, T., & Jagodziński, P.P. (2013). The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 7, 893-900. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1244
MLA
Lehmann, T. P., Wrzesiński, T., Jagodziński, P. P."The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 7.3 (2013): 893-900.
Chicago
Lehmann, T. P., Wrzesiński, T., Jagodziński, P. P."The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 7, no. 3 (2013): 893-900. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1244
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lehmann TP, Wrzesiński T and Jagodziński PP: The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells. Mol Med Rep 7: 893-900, 2013.
APA
Lehmann, T.P., Wrzesiński, T., & Jagodziński, P.P. (2013). The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 7, 893-900. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1244
MLA
Lehmann, T. P., Wrzesiński, T., Jagodziński, P. P."The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 7.3 (2013): 893-900.
Chicago
Lehmann, T. P., Wrzesiński, T., Jagodziński, P. P."The effect of mitotane on viability, steroidogenesis and gene expression in NCI‑H295R adrenocortical cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 7, no. 3 (2013): 893-900. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1244
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team