Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 8 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 8 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells

  • Authors:
    • Jing Lv
    • Qianqian Shao
    • Huayang Wang
    • Huan Shi
    • Ting Wang
    • Wenjuan Gao
    • Bingfeng Song
    • Guangjuan Zheng
    • Beihua Kong
    • Xun Qu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changqing University Science and Technology Park, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1580-1586
    |
    Published online on: September 18, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1695
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

In the present study, a polysaccharide extract was obtained from Ocimum basilicum (basil polysaccharide, BPS) and the effects of curcumin and BPS on the invasion activity of the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and human monocyte‑derived dendritic cells (DCs) were investigated. SKOV3 cells and immature or mature DCs were treated with 50 µM curcumin or 100 µg/ml BPS. A transwell invasion assay demonstrated that curcumin and BPS differentially regulate the invasion of SKOV3 cells and DCs. Curcumin significantly decreased the invasion of SKOV3 cells and immature and mature DCs, while BPS only decreased SKOV3 cell invasion. Osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in curcumin and BPS‑treated SKOV3 cells and curcumin‑treated DCs. Furthermore, flow cytometry showed that curcumin significantly inhibited the surface expression of CD44 in SKOV3 cells and DCs, while BPS had a minimal effect on CD44 expression. Matrix metallopeptidase‑9 (MMP‑9) mRNA and protein expression were also reduced in all curcumin‑treated cells and BPS‑treated SKOV3 cells. The results indicated that curcumin and BPS regulated invasion of SKOV3 cells and DCs by distinctly downregulating OPN, CD44 and MMP‑9 expression. Therefore, Curcumin and BPS may be suitable candidates for DC‑based vaccines for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 62:10–29. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Amati L, Pepe M, Passeri ME, Mastronardi ML, Jirillo E and Covelli V: Toll-like receptor signaling mechanisms involved in dendritic cell activation: potential therapeutic control of T cell polarization. Curr Pharm Des. 12:4247–4254. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Chu CS, Boyer J, Schullery DS, et al: Phase I/II randomized trial of dendritic cell vaccination with or without cyclophosphamide for consolidation therapy of advanced ovarian cancer in first or second remission. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 61:629–641. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Triozzi PL, Khurram R, Aldrich WA, Walker MJ, Kim JA and Jaynes S: Intratumoral injection of dendritic cells derived in vitro in patients with metastatic cancer. Cancer. 89:2646–2654. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chakraborty G, Jain S, Behera R, et al: The multifaceted roles of osteopontin in cell signaling, tumor progression and angiogenesis. Curr Mol Med. 6:819–830. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Bulfone-Paus S and Paus R: Osteopontin as a new player in mast cell biology. Eur J Immunol. 38:338–341. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Pagano PJ and Haurani MJ: Vascular cell locomotion: osteopontin, NADPH oxidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Circ Res. 98:1453–1455. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Khan SA, Cook AC, Kappil M, et al: Enhanced cell surface CD44 variant (v6, v9) expression by osteopontin in breast cancer epithelial cells facilitates tumor cell migration: novel post-transcriptional, post-translational regulation. Clin Exp Metastasis. 22:663–673. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Chen YJ, Wei YY, Chen HT, et al: Osteopontin increases migration and MMP-9 up-regulation via alphavbeta3 integrin, FAK, ERK, and NF-kappaB-dependent pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells. J Cell Physiol. 221:98–108. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Desai B, Ma T, Zhu J and Chellaiah MA: Characterization of the expression of variant and standard CD44 in prostate cancer cells: identification of the possible molecular mechanism of CD44/MMP9 complex formation on the cell surface. J Cell Biochem. 108:272–284. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yang G, Zhang Y, Wu J, et al: Osteopontin regulates growth and migration of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 4:1169–1173. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Schulz G, Renkl AC, Seier A, Liaw L and Weiss JM: Regulated osteopontin expression by dendritic cells decisively affects their migratory capacity. J Invest Dermatol. 128:2541–2544. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Visintin I, Feng Z, Longton G, et al: Diagnostic markers for early detection of ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 14:1065–1072. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Bao LH, Sakaguchi H, Fujimoto J and Tamaya T: Osteopontin in metastatic lesions as a prognostic marker in ovarian cancers. J Biomed Sci. 14:373–381. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhang X, Zhang HQ, Zhu GH, et al: A novel mono-carbonyl analogue of curcumin induces apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species production. Mol Med Rep. 5:739–744. 2012.

16 

Selvendiran K, Ahmed S, Dayton A, et al: HO-3867, a curcumin analog, sensitizes cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma, leading to therapeutic synergy through STAT3 inhibition. Cancer Biol Ther. 12:837–845. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Sadzuka Y, Nagamine M, Toyooka T, Ibuki Y and Sonobe T: Beneficial effects of curcumin on antitumor activity and adverse reactions of doxorubicin. Int J Pharm. 432:42–49. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Luo F, Song X, Zhang Y and Chu Y: Low-dose curcumin leads to the inhibition of tumor growth via enhancing CTL-mediated antitumor immunity. Int Immunopharmacol. 11:1234–1240. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Bhattacharyya S, Md Sakib Hossain D, Mohanty S, et al: Curcumin reverses T cell-mediated adaptive immune dysfunctions in tumor-bearing hosts. Cell Mol Immunol. 7:306–315. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Badisa RB, Tzakou O, Couladis M and Pilarinou E: Cytotoxic activities of some Greek Labiatae herbs. Phytother Res. 17:472–476. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Xia L, Zheng G, Zhou H, et al: The application of BPS in the preparing of anti-metastasis therapies. P.R. China Patent CN1498625. Filed, November 8, 2002; Issued, May 26, 2004 (In Chinese).

22 

Renkl AC, Wussler J, Ahrens T, et al: Osteopontin functionally activates dendritic cells and induces their differentiation toward a Th1-polarizing phenotype. Blood. 106:946–955. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Ji C, Cao C, Lu S, et al: Curcumin attenuates EGF-induced AQP3 up-regulation and cell migration in human ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 62:857–865. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Seo JH, Jeong KJ, Oh WJ, et al: Lysophosphatidic acid induces STAT3 phosphorylation and ovarian cancer cell motility: their inhibition by curcumin. Cancer lett. 288:50–56. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Shirley SA, Montpetit AJ, Lockey RF and Mohapatra SS: Curcumin prevents human dendritic cell response to immune stimulants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 374:431–436. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Tilli TM, Franco VF, Robbs BK, et al: Osteopontin-c splicing isoform contributes to ovarian cancer progression. Mol Cancer Res. 9:280–293. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Zhang W, Yang HC, Wang Q, et al: Clinical value of combined detection of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9, heparanase, and cathepsin for determining ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis. Anticancer Res. 31:3423–3428. 2011.

28 

Lin YG, Kunnumakkara AB, Nair A, et al: Curcumin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in ovarian carcinoma by targeting the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 13:3423–3430. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Watson JL, Greenshields A, Hill R, et al: Curcumin-induced apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells is p53-independent and involves p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and downregulation of Bcl-2 and survivin expression and Akt signaling. Mol Carcinog. 49:13–24. 2010.

30 

Ganta S, Devalapally H and Amiji M: Curcumin enhances oral bioavailability and anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel upon administration in nanoemulsion formulation. J Pharm Sci. 99:4630–4641. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Rogers NM, Kireta S and Coates PT: Curcumin induces maturation-arrested dendritic cells that expand regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol. 162:460–473. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Cong Y, Wang L, Konrad A, Schoeb T and Elson CO: Curcumin induces the tolerogenic dendritic cell that promotes differentiation of intestine-protective regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol. 39:3134–3146. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Orian-Rousseau V: CD44, a therapeutic target for metastasising tumours. Eur J Cancer. 46:1271–1277. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Samanna V, Wei H, Ego-Osuala D and Chellaiah MA: Alpha-V-dependent outside-in signaling is required for the regulation of CD44 surface expression, MMP-2 secretion, and cell migration by osteopontin in human melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res. 312:2214–2230. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Jijiwa M, Demir H, Gupta S, et al: CD44v6 regulates growth of brain tumor stem cells partially through the AKT-mediated pathway. PloS One. 6:e242172011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Chagan-Yasutan H, Tsukasaki K, Takahashi Y, et al: Involvement of osteopontin and its signaling molecule CD44 in clinicopathological features of adult T cell leukemia. Leuk Res. 35:1484–1490. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Philip S and Kundu GC: Osteopontin induces nuclear factor kappa B-mediated promatrix metalloproteinase-2 activation through I kappa B alpha /IKK signaling pathways, and curcumin (diferulolylmethane) down-regulates these pathways. J Biol Chem. 278:14487–14497. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Bagnoli F, Oliveira VM, Silva MA, Taromaru GC, Rinaldi JF and Aoki T: The interaction between aromatase, metalloproteinase 2,9 and CD44 in breast cancer. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 56:472–477. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Yu Q and Stamenkovic I: Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Genes Dev. 14:163–176. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lv J, Shao Q, Wang H, Shi H, Wang T, Gao W, Song B, Zheng G, Kong B, Qu X, Qu X, et al: Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells. Mol Med Rep 8: 1580-1586, 2013.
APA
Lv, J., Shao, Q., Wang, H., Shi, H., Wang, T., Gao, W. ... Qu, X. (2013). Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 8, 1580-1586. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1695
MLA
Lv, J., Shao, Q., Wang, H., Shi, H., Wang, T., Gao, W., Song, B., Zheng, G., Kong, B., Qu, X."Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 8.5 (2013): 1580-1586.
Chicago
Lv, J., Shao, Q., Wang, H., Shi, H., Wang, T., Gao, W., Song, B., Zheng, G., Kong, B., Qu, X."Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 8, no. 5 (2013): 1580-1586. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1695
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lv J, Shao Q, Wang H, Shi H, Wang T, Gao W, Song B, Zheng G, Kong B, Qu X, Qu X, et al: Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells. Mol Med Rep 8: 1580-1586, 2013.
APA
Lv, J., Shao, Q., Wang, H., Shi, H., Wang, T., Gao, W. ... Qu, X. (2013). Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 8, 1580-1586. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1695
MLA
Lv, J., Shao, Q., Wang, H., Shi, H., Wang, T., Gao, W., Song, B., Zheng, G., Kong, B., Qu, X."Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 8.5 (2013): 1580-1586.
Chicago
Lv, J., Shao, Q., Wang, H., Shi, H., Wang, T., Gao, W., Song, B., Zheng, G., Kong, B., Qu, X."Effects and mechanisms of curcumin and basil polysaccharide on the invasion of SKOV3 cells and dendritic cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 8, no. 5 (2013): 1580-1586. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1695
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team