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Molecular Medicine Reports
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2014-April Volume 9 Issue 4

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Article

Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice

  • Authors:
    • Soo Vin Lee
    • Kyung Ha Choi
    • Young Whan Choi
    • Jin Woo Hong
    • Jin Ung Baek
    • Byung Tae Choi
    • Hwa Kyoung Shin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam 627-706, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 1415-1421
    |
    Published online on: February 11, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1943
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Abstract

Polygonum multiflorum is a traditional Korean medicine that has been utilized widely in East Asian countries as a longevity agent. Clinical studies have demonstrated that Polygonum multiflorum improves hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, neurosis and other diseases commonly associated with aging. However, scientific evidence defining the protective effects and mechanisms of Polygonum multiflorum against ischemic stroke is incomplete. In the present study, we investigated the cerebrovascular protective effects of Polygonum multiflorum against ischemic brain injury using an in vivo photothrombotic mouse model. To examine the underlying mechanism of action, we utilized an in vitro human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) culture system. Hexane extracts (HEPM), ethyl acetate extracts (EAEPM) and methanol extracts (MEPM) of Polygonum multiflorum (100 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to ischemic insult. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS KO) mice by photothrombotic cortical occlusion. We evaluated the infarct volume, as well as neurological and motor function, 24 h after ischemic brain injury. Following ischemic insult, HEPM induced a significant reduction in infarct volume and subsequent neurological deficits, compared with EAEPM and MEPM. HEPM significantly decreased infarct size and improved neurological and motor function, which was not observed in eNOS KO mice, suggesting that this cerebroprotective effect is primarily an eNOS-dependent mechanism. In vitro, HEPM effectively promoted NO production, however these effects were inhibited by the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY-294002. Furthermore, HEPM treatment resulted in increased phosphorylation-dependent activation of Akt and eNOS in HBMEC, suggesting that HEPM increased NO production via phosphorylation-dependent activation of Akt and eNOS. In conclusion, HEPM prevents cerebral ischemic damage through an eNOS-dependent mechanism, and thus may have clinical applications as a protective agent against neurological injury in stroke.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lee SV, Choi KH, Choi YW, Hong JW, Baek JU, Choi BT and Shin HK: Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Mol Med Rep 9: 1415-1421, 2014.
APA
Lee, S.V., Choi, K.H., Choi, Y.W., Hong, J.W., Baek, J.U., Choi, B.T., & Shin, H.K. (2014). Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 9, 1415-1421. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1943
MLA
Lee, S. V., Choi, K. H., Choi, Y. W., Hong, J. W., Baek, J. U., Choi, B. T., Shin, H. K."Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 9.4 (2014): 1415-1421.
Chicago
Lee, S. V., Choi, K. H., Choi, Y. W., Hong, J. W., Baek, J. U., Choi, B. T., Shin, H. K."Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 9, no. 4 (2014): 1415-1421. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1943
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lee SV, Choi KH, Choi YW, Hong JW, Baek JU, Choi BT and Shin HK: Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Mol Med Rep 9: 1415-1421, 2014.
APA
Lee, S.V., Choi, K.H., Choi, Y.W., Hong, J.W., Baek, J.U., Choi, B.T., & Shin, H.K. (2014). Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 9, 1415-1421. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1943
MLA
Lee, S. V., Choi, K. H., Choi, Y. W., Hong, J. W., Baek, J. U., Choi, B. T., Shin, H. K."Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 9.4 (2014): 1415-1421.
Chicago
Lee, S. V., Choi, K. H., Choi, Y. W., Hong, J. W., Baek, J. U., Choi, B. T., Shin, H. K."Hexane extracts of Polygonum multiflorum improve tissue and functional outcome following focal cerebral ischemia in mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 9, no. 4 (2014): 1415-1421. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1943
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