Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
2014-April Volume 9 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
2014-April Volume 9 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart

  • Authors:
    • Yan‑Li Liu
    • Yan Zhou
    • Lin Sun
    • Jiang-Tao Wen
    • Shi-Jie Teng
    • Lin Yang
    • Dong-Shu Du
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, P.R. China, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Women and Children's Health Care Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P.R. China, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1112-1120
    |
    Published online on: February 18, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1959
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

When introduced into the infarcted heart, bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prevent the heart from deleterious remodeling and improve its recovery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) 761 on the infarcted myocardium microenvironment following MSC transplantation. The established rat myocardial infarction (MI) model, with implanted PKH‑26 marked MSCs (1x105 cells), were randomly divided into two groups: The control group (injected with normal saline) and the EGb 761 treatment group (injected with 100 mg/kg/day EGb 761). The following indices for cardiac function, including the extent of inflammation, oxidative stress, MSC apoptosis and MSC differentiation were measured 1, 2 and 7 days after treatment. The anti‑inflammatory effect of EGb 761 was observed by histological examination. Compared with the respective control group, the malondialdehyde content significantly decreased and the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity significantly increased in the EGb761‑treated groups. In addition, the apoptotic index gradually decreased (P<0.05) with the extension of MI time in the EGb761-treated groups compared to the respective control groups, suggesting that EGb761 exhbits anti-oxidative effects. In addition, the level of the Fas protein was positively correlated with the implanted MSC apoptotic ratio. Following 7 days of MSC transplantation with EGb 761 treatment, the expression of cTnI in PKH26‑labeled MSCs was observed in the transplanted myocardium. Cardiac function, including the ejection fraction, left ventricular end‑systolic pressure and dp/dtmax significantly increased, and the left ventricular end diastolic diameters, left ventricular end‑diastolic volumes and left ventricular end‑diastolic pressure significantly decreased (P<0.05, vs. the control group). The results demonstrated that EGb 761 is important in improving cardiac function and the infarcted myocardium microenvironment. The present study indicated that the protective effects of EGb 761 on the infarcted myocardium may be mediated by improving the viability and the differentiation of the implanted MSCs into cardiomyocytes.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Braunwald E and Bristow MR: Congestive heart failure: fifty years of progress. Circulation. 102:IV14–IV23. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S and Marshak DR: Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 284:143–147. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Pereira RF, Halford KW, O’Hara MD, Leeper DB, Sokolov BP, Pollard MD, Bagasra O and Prockop DJ: Cultured adherent cells from marrow can serve as long-lasting precursor cells for bone, cartilage, and lung in irradiated mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:4857–4861. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Schäfer S, Calas AG, Vergouts M and Hermans E: Immunomodulatory influence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neuroinflammation in astrocyte cultures. J Neuroimmunol. 249:40–48. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kohyama J, Abe H, Shimazaki T, Koizumi A, Nakashima K, Gojo S, Taga T, Okano H, Hata J and Umezawa A: Brain from bone: efficient ‘meta-differentiation’ of marrow stroma-derived mature osteoblasts to neurons with Noggin or a demethylating agent. Differentiation. 68:235–244. 2001.

6 

Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Jakoniuk I, Anderson SM, Li B, Pickel J, McKay R, Nadal-Ginard B, Bodine DM, Leri A and Anversa P: Bone marrow cells regenerate infracted myocardium. Nature. 410:701–705. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Liu Y, Yan X, Sun Z, Chen B, Han Q, Li J and Zhao RC: Flk-1+ adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into skeletal muscle satellite cells and ameliorate muscular dystrophy in mdx mice. Stem Cells Dev. 16:695–706. 2007.

8 

Makino S, Fukuda K, Miyoshi S, Konishi F, Kodama H, Pan J, Sano M, Takahashi T, Hori S, Abe H, Hata J, Umezawa A and Ogawa S: Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J Clin Invest. 103:697–705. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Toma C, Pittenger MF, Cahill KS, Byme BJ and Kessler PD: Human mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to a cardiomyocyte phenotype in the adult murine heart. Circulation. 105:93–98. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Shake JG, Gruber PJ, Baumgartner WA, Senechal G, Meyers J, Redmond JM, Pittenger MF and Martin BJ: Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in a swine myocardial infarct model: Engraftment and functional effects. Ann Thorac Surg. 73:1919–1925. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wollert KC, Meyer GP, Lotz J, Ringes-Lichtenberg S, Lippolt P, Breidenbach C, Fichtner S, Korte T, Hornig B, Messinger D, et al: Intracoronary autologous bone-marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction: the BOOST randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 364:141–148. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wang Y, Zhang G, Hou Y, Chen J, Wang J, Zou C, Li D, Li H, Zhang Q, Wang A and Fan Q: Transplantation of microencapsulated Schwann cells and mesenchymal stem cells augment angiogenesis and improve heart function. Mol Cell Biochem. 366:139–147. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Dong HY, Zhang ZM and Zhou ZX: Effects of endothelin-1 on differentiation of cardiac myocyte induced from rabbit bone marrow stromal cells. Chin Med J (Engl). 119:832–839. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Piao H, Youn TJ, Kwon JS, Kim YH, Bae JW, Bora-Sohn, Kim DW, Cho MC, Lee MM and Park YB: Effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in acutely infarcting myocardium. Eur J Heart Fail. 7:730–738. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kamihata H, Matsubara H, Nishiue T, Fujiyama S, Tsutsumi Y, Ozono R, Masaki H, Mori Y, Iba O, Tateishi E, et al: Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into ischemic myocardium enhances collateral perfusion and regional function via side supply of angioblasts, angiogenic ligands, and cytokines. Circulation. 104:1046–1052. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Jacobs BP and Browner WS: Ginkgo biloba: a living fossil. Am J Med. 108:341–342. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Yeh YC, Liu TJ, Wang LC, Lee HW, Ting CT, Lee WL, Hung CJ, Wang KY and Lai HC and Lai HC: A standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba suppresses doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in rat testes. Br J Pharmacol. 156:48–61. 2009.

18 

Kang X, Chen J, Xu Z, Li H and Wang B: Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on paraquat-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. Toxicology in Vitro. 21:1003–1009. 2007.

19 

Zhao Z, Liu N, Huang J, Lu PH and Xu XM: Inhibition of cPLA2 activation by Ginkgo biloba extract protects spinal cord neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced cell death. J Neurochem. 116:1057–1065. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Yang SF, Wu Q, Sun AS, Huang XN and Shi JS: Protective effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts for Parkinson disease induced by 1-methyl-4-pheny1–1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine. Acta Pharmacologic Sin. 22:1089–1093. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Cavuşoğlu K, Yapar K, Oruç E and Yalçın E: Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract against glyphosate toxicity in Swiss albino mice. J Med Food. 14:1263–1272. 2011.

22 

Wang YC, Zhang Y, Duan AL, Lin WX, Zheng QD and Xu WL: Rapid differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-secreting cells under the sole induction of biological products. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 62:73–78. 2010.(In Chinese).

23 

Yoo DY, Nam Y, Kim W, Yoo KY, Park J, Lee CH, Choi JH, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Won MH and Hwang IK: Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on promotion of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in C57BL/6 mice. J Vet Med Sci. 73:71–76. 2011.

24 

Didier A and Jourdan F: The Ginkgo biloba extract modulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation in the olfactory epithelium of adult mice following bulbectomy. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 48:717–723. 2002.

25 

Xie XJ, Wang JA, Cao J and Zhang X: Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by myocardial medium under hypoxic conditions. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 27:1153–1158. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Xu SL, Choi RC and Zhu KY: Isorhamnetin, A flavonol aglycone from Ginkgo biloba L, induces neuronal differentiation of cultured PC12 cells: potentiating the effect of nerve growth factor. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012:2782732012.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Liu TJ, Yeh YC, Ting CT, Lee WL, Wang LC, Lee HW, Wang KY and Lai HC and Lai HC: Ginkgo biloba extract 761 reduces doxorubicin-induced apoptotic damage in rat hearts and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res. 80:227–235. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Liu J, Wang J, Chen X, Guo C, Guo Y and Wang H: Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 protects against aging-associated diastolic dysfunction in cardiomyocytes of D-galactose-induced aging rat. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012:4187482012.

29 

Di Nicola M, Carlo-Stella C, Magni M, Milanesi M, Longoni PD, Matteucci P, Grisanti S and Gianni AM: Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli. Blood. 99:3838–3843. 2002.

30 

Tse WT, Pendleton JD, Beyer WM, Egalka MC and Guinan EC: Suppression of allogeneic T-cell proliferation by human marrow stromal cells: implications in transplantation. Transplantation. 75:389–397. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ohnishi S, Yanagawa B, Tanaka K, Miyahara Y, Obata H, Kataoka M, Kodama M, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Kangawa K, Kitamura S and Nagaya N: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells attenuates myocardial injury and dysfunction in a rat model of acute myocarditis. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 42:88–97. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Haines DD, Varga B, Bak I, Juhasz B, Mahmoud FF, Kalantari H, Gesztelyi R, Lekli I, Czompa A and Tosaki A: Summative interaction between astaxanthin, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) and vitamin C in suppression of respiratory inflammation: a comparison with ibuprofen. Phytother Res. 1:128–136. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Shi C, Xiao S, Liu J, Guo K, Wu F, Yew DT and Xu J: Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 protects against aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets and hippocampi of SAMP8 mice. Platelets. 21:373–379. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Jiang X, Nie B, Fu S, Hu J, Yin L, Lin L, Wang X, Lu P and Xu XM: EGb761 protects hydrogen peroxide-induced death of spinal cord neurons through inhibition of intracellular ROS production and modulation of apoptotic regulating genes. J Mol Neurosci. 38:103–113. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Daigneault M, De Silva TI, Bewley MA, Preston JA, Marriott HM, Mitchell AM, Mitchell TJ, Read RC, Whyte MK and Dockrell DH: Monocytes regulate the mechanism of T-cell death by inducing Fas-mediated apoptosis during bacterial infection. PLoS Pathog. 8:e10028142012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu YL, Zhou Y, Sun L, Wen J, Teng S, Yang L and Du D: Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart. Mol Med Rep 9: 1112-1120, 2014.
APA
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, L., Wen, J., Teng, S., Yang, L., & Du, D. (2014). Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart. Molecular Medicine Reports, 9, 1112-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1959
MLA
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, L., Wen, J., Teng, S., Yang, L., Du, D."Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart". Molecular Medicine Reports 9.4 (2014): 1112-1120.
Chicago
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, L., Wen, J., Teng, S., Yang, L., Du, D."Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart". Molecular Medicine Reports 9, no. 4 (2014): 1112-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1959
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu YL, Zhou Y, Sun L, Wen J, Teng S, Yang L and Du D: Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart. Mol Med Rep 9: 1112-1120, 2014.
APA
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, L., Wen, J., Teng, S., Yang, L., & Du, D. (2014). Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart. Molecular Medicine Reports, 9, 1112-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1959
MLA
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, L., Wen, J., Teng, S., Yang, L., Du, D."Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart". Molecular Medicine Reports 9.4 (2014): 1112-1120.
Chicago
Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, L., Wen, J., Teng, S., Yang, L., Du, D."Protective effects of Gingko biloba extract 761 on myocardial infarction via improving the viability of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in the rat heart". Molecular Medicine Reports 9, no. 4 (2014): 1112-1120. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1959
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team