Comparative effects of chlorhexidine and essential oils containing mouth rinse on stem cells cultured on a titanium surface

Park,Jun-Beom; Lee,Gil; Yun,Byeong  Gon; Kim,Chang-Hyen; Ko,Youngkyung

doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.1971

Comparative effects of chlorhexidine and essential oils containing mouth rinse on stem cells cultured on a titanium surface

Authors:
- Jun-Beom Park
- Gil Lee
- Byeong Gon Yun
- Chang-Hyen Kim
- Youngkyung Ko
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Periodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea, Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
Published online on: February 20, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1971
Pages: 1249-1253

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Listerine (LIS), an essential oil compound, are the two commonly used adjunctive agents for mechanical debridement, for reducing the bacterial load in the treatment of peri-implant inflammation. However, antimicrobial agents have been reported to be cytotoxic to the alveolar bone cells and gingival epithelial cells. The present study was performed to examine the effects of antiseptics CHX and LIS, on the morphology and proliferation of stem cells. Stem cells derived from the buccal fat pad were grown on machined titanium discs. Each disc was immersed in CHX or LIS for 30 sec, 1.5 min or 4.5 min. Cell morphology was evaluated with a confocal laser microscope and the viability of the cells was quantitatively analyzed with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The untreated cells attached to the titanium discs demonstrated well-organized actin cytoskeletons. No marked alterations in the cytoskeletal organization were observed in any of the treated groups. The treatment with CHX and LIS of the titanium discs decreased the viability of the cells grown on the treated discs (P<0.05). The stem cells derived from the buccal fat pad were sensitive to CHX and LIS, and a reduction in cellular viability was observed when these agents were applied to the discs for 30 sec. Further studies are required to determine the optimal application time and concentration of this antimicrobial agent for maximizing the reduction of the bacterial load and minimizing the cytotoxicity to the surrounding cells.

View Figures

View References

1	Cosyn J, Princen K, Miremadi R, Decat E, Vaneechoutte M and De Bruyn H: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study on the clinical and microbial effects of an essential oil mouth rinse used by patients in supportive periodontal care. Int J Dent Hyg. 11:53–61. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Kim BH, Seo HS, Jung SC, et al: Study in bactericidal properties of chlorhexidine grafting on the modified titanium. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 11:1530–1533. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Kozlovsky A, Artzi Z, Moses O, Kamin-Belsky N and Greenstein RB: Interaction of chlorhexidine with smooth and rough types of titanium surfaces. J Periodontol. 77:1194–1200. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Kato T, Iijima H, Ishihara K, et al: Antibacterial effects of Listerine on oral bacteria. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 31:301–307. 1990.PubMed/NCBI
5	Gosau M, Hahnel S, Schwarz F, Gerlach T, Reichert TE and Bürgers R: Effect of six different peri-implantitis disinfection methods on in vivo human oral biofilm. Clin Oral Implants Res. 21:866–872. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
6	Chen S and Darby I: Dental implants: maintenance, care and treatment of peri-implant infection. Aust Dent J. 48:212–220. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Duarte PM, Reis AF, de Freitas PM and Ota-Tsuzuki C: Bacterial adhesion on smooth and rough titanium surfaces after treatment with different instruments. J Periodontol. 80:1824–1832. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Brookshire FV, Nagy WW, Dhuru VB, Ziebert GJ and Chada S: The qualitative effects of various types of hygiene instrumentation on commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implant abutments: an in vitro and scanning electron microscope study. J Prosthet Dent. 78:286–294. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
9	Park JB, Jang YJ, Choi BK, Kim KK and Ko Y: Treatment with various ultrasonic scaler tips affect efficiency of brushing of SLA titanium discs. J Craniofac Surg. 24:e119–e23. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Mombelli A and Lang NP: Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant infections. Clin Oral Implants Res. 3:162–168. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar
11	Renvert S, Roos-Jansåker AM and Claffey N: Non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol. 35(Suppl): 305–315. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Baffone W, Sorgente G, Campana R, Patrone V, Sisti D and Falcioni T: Comparative effect of chlorhexidine and some mouthrinses on bacterial biofilm formation on titanium surface. Curr Microbiol. 62:445–451. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Bürgers R, Witecy C, Hahnel S and Gosau M: The effect of various topical peri-implantitis antiseptics on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Arch Oral Biol. 57:940–947. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
14	Cabral CT and Fernandes MH: In vitro comparison of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on the long-term proliferation and functional activity of human alveolar bone cells. Clin Oral Investig. 11:155–164. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Babich H and Tipton DA: In vitro response of human gingival epithelioid S-G cells to minocycline. Toxicol In Vitro. 16:11–21. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar
16	Dalby MJ, Gadegaard N, Tare R, et al: The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder. Nat Mater. 6:997–1003. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, McLachlan T, et al: Differential responses of osteoblast lineage cells to nanotopographically-modified, microroughened titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy surfaces. Biomaterials. 33:8986–8994. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
18	Farré-Guasch E, Martí-Pagè C, Hernádez-Alfaro F, Klein-Nulend J and Casals N: Buccal fat pad, an oral access source of human adipose stem cells with potential for osteochondral tissue engineering: an in vitro study. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 16:1083–1094. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
19	Kwon SG, Lee G, Kim CH and Park JU: Microarray analysis of gene expression in osteogenic differentiation of buccal fat pad-derived stem cells treated with simvastatin and BMP-2. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 6:942–951. 2009.
20	Kim CH, Choi KS, Lee IK, Park JU and Pyo SW: The effect of simvastin on osteogenic differentiation of human buccal fat pad-derived stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 6:2–8. 2009.
21	Jung YS, Jeong JH, Yook S, et al: Surface modification of pancreatic islets using heparin-DOPA conjugate and anti-CD154 mAb for the prolonged survival of intrahepatic transplanted islets in a xenograft model. Biomaterials. 33:295–303. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Flemingson, Emmadi P, Ambalavanan N, Ramakrishnan T and Vijayalakshmi R: Effect of three commercial mouth rinses on cultured human gingival fibroblast: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 19:29–35. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Giannelli M, Chellini F, Margheri M, Tonelli P and Tani A: Effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on different cell types: a molecular and ultrastructural investigation. Toxicol In Vitro. 22:308–317. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Quarles LD, Yohay DA, Lever LW, Caton R and Wenstrup RJ: Distinct proliferative and differentiated stages of murine MC3T3-E1 cells in culture: an in vitro model of osteoblast development. J Bone Miner Res. 7:683–692. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Wikén Albertsson K, Persson A and van Dijken JW: Effect of essential oils containing and alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthrinses on cariogenic micro-organisms in human saliva. Acta Odontol Scand. 71:883–891. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
26	Cousido MC, Tomás Carmona I, García-Caballero L, Limeres J, Alvarez M and Diz P: In vivo substantivity of 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses on salivary bacteria. Clin Oral Investig. 14:397–402. 2010.
27	Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Braissant O, Hauser-Gerspach I, et al: Quantification of vital adherent Streptococcus sanguinis cells on protein-coated titanium after disinfectant treatment. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 22:2045–2051. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
28	Felo A, Shibly O, Ciancio SG, Lauciello FR and Ho A: Effects of subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation on peri-implant maintenance. Am J Dent. 10:107–110. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
29	Meleti Z, Shapiro IM and Adams CS: Inorganic phosphate induces apoptosis of osteoblast-like cells in culture. Bone. 27:359–366. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30	Almazin SM, Dziak R, Andreana S and Ciancio SG: The effect of doxycycline hyclate, chlorhexidine gluconate, and minocycline hydrochloride on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in vitro. J Periodontol. 80:999–1005. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI