Effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and α-actinin-3 gene polymorphisms on sport performance

Gunel,Tuba; Gumusoglu,Ece; Hosseini,Mohammad  Kazem; Yilmazyildirim,Eda; Dolekcap,Ismail; Aydinli,Kilic

doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.1974

2014-April Volume 9 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

2014-April Volume 9 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Article

Effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and α-actinin-3 gene polymorphisms on sport performance

Authors:
- Tuba Gunel
- Ece Gumusoglu
- Mohammad Kazem Hosseini
- Eda Yilmazyildirim
- Ismail Dolekcap
- Kilic Aydinli
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey, Medicus Health Center, Istanbul 34365, Turkey
Pages: 1422-1426
|
Published online on: February 20, 2014

https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.1974
Expand metrics +

Abstract

Genetic polymorphism is considered to be associated with human physical performance. The angiotensin I‑converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and the α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) R577X polymorphisms have been widely investigated for such associations, and functional ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms have been associated with sprinter performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these polymorphisms on sport performance among 37 elite athletes and 37 healthy controls. The ACE II genotype was identified in 32.43% of the control group and 8.11% of elite athletes, the DD genotype in 37.84% of the control group and 51.35% of the elite athletes, and the ID genotype in 29.73% of the control group and 40.54% of the elite athletes. With regard to the ACTN3 gene, the XX genotype, which confers an advantage for endurance activities, was identified in 10.81% of the control group and 35.14% of the elite athletes. The XX genotype was observed more frequently than the RR genotype (advantageous for sprinting), which was identified in 2.70% of the control group and 10.81% of elite athletes. The RX genotype (observed in 86.48% of the control group and in 54.05% of the elite athletes) was the most common genotype of the individuals in the present study. The study showed that ACTN3 and ACE gene polymorphisms have an effect on muscle power; however, larger studies are required.

View Figures

View References

1	Ma F, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou F, Gao C, Li M and Gao L: The association of sport performance with ACE and ACTN3 genetic polymorphisms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 8:e546852013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Coates D: The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 35:769–773. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Montgomery HE, Marshall R, Hemingway H, et al: Human gene for physical performance. Nature. 393:221–222. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Myerson S, Hemingway H, Budget R, Martin J, Humphries S and Montgomery H: Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 87:1313–1316. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
5	Bray MS, Hagberg JM, Pérusse L, et al: The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006–2007 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 41:35–73. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
6	Ahmetov II and Rogozkin VA: Genes, athlete status and training - An overview. Med Sport Sci. 54:43–71. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Ahmetov II, Druzhevskaya AM, Lyubaeva EV, Popov DV, Vinogradova OL and Williams AG: The dependence of preferred competitive racing distance on muscle fibre type composition and ACTN3 genotype in speed skaters. Exp Physiol. 96:1302–1310. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Mills M, Yang N, Weinberger R, et al: Differential expression of the actin-binding proteins, alpha actinin-2 and -3, in different species: implications for the evolution of functional redundancy. Hum Mol Genet. 10:1335–1346. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar
9	North KN, Yang N, Wattanasirichaigoon D, et al: A common nonsense mutation results in alpha-actinin-3 deficiency in the general population. Nat Genet. 21:353–354. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Collins M: Genetics and Sports. Karger; Basel: pp. 43–101. 2009
11	Yang N, MacArthur DG, Gulbin JP, Hahn AG, Beggs AH, Easteal S and North K: ACTN3 genotype is associated with human elite athletic performance. Am J Hum Genet. 73:627–631. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Lippi G, Longo UG and Maffulli N: Genetics and sports. Br Med Bull. 93:27–47. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
13	Jones A and Woods DR: Skeletal muscle RAS and exercise performance. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 35:855–866. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Danser AH, Schalekamp MA, Bax WA, van den Brink AM, Saxena PR, Riegger GA and Schunkert H: Angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human heart. Effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism. Circulation. 92:1387–1388. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Rigat B, Hubert C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Cambien F, Corvol P and Soubrier F: An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J Clin Invest. 86:1343–1346. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Woods DR, Humphries SE and Montgomery HE: The ACE I/D polymorphism and human physical performance. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 11:416–420. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Taylor RR, Mamotte CD, Fallon K and van Bockxmeer FM: Elite athletes and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme. J Appl Physiol (1985). 87:1035–1037. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
18	Santiago C, González-Freire M, Serratosa L, Morate FJ, Meyer T, Gómez-Gallego F and Lucia A: ACTN3 genotype in professional soccer players. Br J Sports Med. 42:71–73. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Ginevičienė V, Pranculis A, Jakaitienė A, Milašius K and Kučinskas V: Genetic variation of the human ACE and ACTN3 genes and their association with functional muscle properties in Lithuanian elite athletes. Medicina (Kaunas). 47:284–290. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
20	Eynon N, Alves AJ, Yamin C, et al: Is there an ACE ID - ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms interaction that influences sprint performance? Int J Sports Medicine. 30:888–891. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and α-actinin-3 gene polymorphisms on sport performance

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Related Articles