Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
August-2014 Volume 10 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2014 Volume 10 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure

  • Authors:
    • Xiao‑Yan Wu
    • An‑Yu Luo
    • Yi‑Rong Zhou
    • Jiang‑Hua Ren
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China, Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
    Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 615-624
    |
    Published online on: June 2, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2292
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The roles of oxidative stress on nuclear factor (NF)‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during heart failure were examined using the antioxidant N‑acetylcysteine (NAC). Heart failure was established in Japanese white rabbits with intravenous injections of doxorubicin, with ten rabbits serving as a control group. Of the rabbits with heart failure, 12 were not treated (HF group) and 13 received NAC (NAC group). Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis. Myocardial cell apoptosis, apoptosis‑related protein expression, NF‑κBp65 expression and activity, total anti‑oxidative capacity (tAOC), 8‑iso‑prostaglandin F2α (8‑iso‑PGF2α) expression and glutathione (GSH) expression levels were determined. In the HF group, reduced tAOC, GSH levels and Bcl‑2/Bax ratios as well as increased 8‑iso‑PGF2α levels and apoptosis were observed (all P<0.05), which were effects that were attenuated by the treatment with NAC. NF‑κBp65 and iNOS levels were significantly higher and the P‑IκB‑α levels were significantly lower in the HF group; expression of all three proteins returned to pre‑HF levels following treatment with NAC. Myocardial cell apoptosis was positively correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), NF‑κBp65 expression and 8‑iso‑PGF2α levels, but negatively correlated with the maximal and minimal rates of increase in left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax and ‑dp/dtmin, respectively) and the Bcl‑2/Bax ratio (all P<0.001). The 8‑iso‑PGF2α levels were positively correlated with LVEDP and negatively correlated with +dp/dtmax and ‑dp/dtmin (all P<0.001). The present study demonstrated that NAC increased the antioxidant capacity, decreased the NF‑κB activation and reduced myocardial cell apoptosis in an in vivo heart failure model.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, et al: Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 121:e46–e215. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al: Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 125:e2–e220. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Owan TE and Redfield MM: Epidemiology of diastolic heart failure. Progr Cardiovasc Dis. 47:320–332. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ellis ER and Josephson ME: Heart failure and tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 10:296–306. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Yancy CW: Heart failure in African Americans. Am J Cardiol. 96:3i–12i. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Thomas KL, Piccini JP, Liang L, et al: Racial differences in the prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation among patients hospitalized with heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2:e0002002013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Neubauer S: The failing heart - an engine out of fuel. N Engl J Med. 356:1140–1151. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Giordano FJ: Oxygen, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and heart failure. J Clin Invest. 115:500–508. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

White M, Ducharme A, Ibrahim R, et al: Increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with worsening congestive heart failure: improvement after short-term inotropic support. Clin Sci (Lond). 110:483–489. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Hare JM: Oxidative stress and apoptosis in heart failure progression. Circ Res. 89:198–200. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Sawyer DB, Siwik DA, Xiao L, et al: Role of oxidative stress in myocardial hypertrophy and failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 34:379–388. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Abbate A, Bussani R, Amin MS, Vetroec GW, et al: Acute myocardial infarction and heart failure: role of apoptosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 38:1834–1840. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wang RP, Yao Q, Xiao YB, et al: Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway is involved in myocardial injury in a rat chronic stress model. Stress. 14:567–575. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Gordon JW, Shaw JA and Kirshenbaum LA: Multiple facets of NF-κB in the heart: to be or not to NF-κB. Circ Res. 108:1122–1132. 2011.

15 

Frantz S, Hu K, Bayer B, et al: Absence of NF-kappaB subunit p50 improves heart failure after myocardial infarction. FASEB. 20:1918–1920. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Galang N, Sasaki H and Maulik N: Apoptotic cell death during ischemia/reperfusion and its attenuation by antioxidant therapy. Toxicology. 148:111–118. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Jones SM, Kirby MS, Harding SE, et al: Adriamycin cardiomyopathy in the rabbit: alterations in contractile proteins and myocyte function. Cardiovasc Res. 24:834–842. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Andre L, Fauconnier J, Reboul C, et al: Subendocardial increase in reactive oxygen species production affects regional contractile function in ischemic heart failure. Antioxid Redox Signal. 18:1009–1020. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

van Dalen EC, Caron HN, Dickinson HO, et al: Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 15:CD0039172011.

20 

Carvalho FS, Burgeiro A, Garcia R, et al: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: from bioenergetic failure and cell death to cardiomyopathy. Med Res Rev. 34:106–135. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Dolinsky VW, Rogan KJ, Sung MM, et al: Both aerobic exercise and resveratrol supplementation attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 305:E243–E253. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Langton D, Jover B, McGrath BP, et al: Cardiovascular responses to graded treadmill exercise during the development of doxorubicin induced heart failure in rabbits. Cardiovasc Res. 24:959–968. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Sarandol A, Sarandol E, Eker SS, et al: Major depressive disorder is accompanied with oxidative stress: short-term antidepressant treatment does not alter oxidative-antioxidative systems. Hum Psychopharmacol. 22:67–73. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Erel O: A novel automated method to measure total antioxidant response against potent free radical reactions. Clin Biochem. 37:112–119. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Ye J, Ding M, Zhang X, et al: On the role of hydroxyl radical and the effect of tetrandrine on nuclear factor-κB activation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 30:65–71. 2000.

26 

Kone BC, Schwöbel J, Turner P, et al: Role of NF-kappa B in the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in an MTAL cell line. Am J Physiol. 269:F718–F729. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kubin AM, Skoumal R, Tavi P, et al: Role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of cardiac contractility. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 50:884–893. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Finn NA and Kemp ML: Pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine regulate doxorubicin-induced NF-kappa B activity in leukemic cells. Mol Biosyst. 8:650–662. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sagristá ML, García AE, Africa De Madariaga M, et al: Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effect of the thiolic compounds N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res. 36:329–340. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

30 

The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels. 9th edition. Little, Brown & Co; Boston: pp. 253–256. 1994

31 

You JS, Huang HF and Chang YL: Panax ginseng reduces adriamycin-induced heart failure in rats. Phytother Res. 19:1018–1022. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Dong JW, Zhu HF, Zhu WZ, et al: Intermittent hypoxia attenuates ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes via regulating Bcl-2/Bax expression. Cell Res. 13:385–391. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Sabbah HN, Sharov VG, Gupata RC, et al: Chronic therapy with metoprolol attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis in dogs with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 36:1698–1705. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Burke JR: Targeting I kappa B kinase for the treatment of inflammatory and other disorders. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 6:720–728. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Squadrito F, Deodato B, Squadrito G, et al: Gene transfer of IkappaBalpha limit infarct ischemia-reperfusion injury. Lab Invest. 83:1097–1104. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Altavilla D, Deodato B, Campo GM, et al: IRFI 042, a novel dual vitamin E-like antioxidant, inhibits activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and reduces the inflammatory response in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res. 47:515–528. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Monaco C and Paleolog E: Nuclear factor kappaB: a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Cardiovasc Res. 61:671–682. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Maier HJ, Schips TG, Wietelmann A, et al: Cardiomyocyte-specific IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB activation induces reversible inflammatory cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:11794–11799. 2012.

39 

Hall G, Hasday JD and Rogers TB: Regulating the regulator: NF-kappaB signaling in heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 41:580–591. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Pye J, Ardeshirpour F, McCain A, et al: Proteasome inhibition ablates activation of NF-kappa B in myocardial reperfusion and reduces reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 284:H919–H926. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Gao Y, Lecker S, Post MJ, et al: Inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-mediated I kappa B alpha degradation by a naturally occurring antibacterial peptide. J Clin Invest. 106:439–448. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Inserte J, Taimor G, Hofstaetter B, et al: Influence of simulated ischemia on apoptosis induction by oxidative stress in adult cardiomyocytes of rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 278:H94–H99. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Crespo MJ, Cruz N, Altieri PI, et al: Chronic treatment with N-acetylcysteine improves cardiac function but does not prevent progression of cardiomyopathy in Syrian cardiomyopathic hamsters. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 16:197–204. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Haleagrahara N, Julian V and Chakravarthi S: N-acetylcysteine offers cardioprotection by decreasing cardiac lipid hydroperoxides and 8-isoprostane level in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 11:373–381. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Basha RH and Priscilla DH: An in vivo and in vitro study on the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on mitochondrial dysfunction in isoproterenol treated myocardial infarcted rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 65:7–14. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Adamy C, Le Corvoisier P, Candiani G, et al: Tumor necrosis factor alpha and glutathione interplay in chronic heart failure. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 98:906–912. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

47 

Chen F, Hadfield JM, Berzingi C, et al: N-acetylcysteine reverses cardiac myocyte dysfunction in a rodent model of behavioral stress. J Appl Physiol. 1985. 115:514–524. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Wang T, Qiao S, Lei S, et al: N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol synergistically enhance cardiac adiponectin content and reduce myocardial reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. PLoS One. 6:e239672011. View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Dresdale AR, Barr LH, Bonow RO, et al: Prospective randomized study of the role of N-acetyl cysteine in reversing doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Am J Clin Oncol. 5:657–663. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Jo SH, Kim LS, Kim SA, et al: Evaluation of short-term use of N-acetylcysteine as a strategy for prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: EPOCH trial - a prospective randomized study. Korean Circ J. 43:174–181. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu XY, Luo AY, Zhou YR and Ren JH: N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure. Mol Med Rep 10: 615-624, 2014.
APA
Wu, X., Luo, A., Zhou, Y., & Ren, J. (2014). N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure. Molecular Medicine Reports, 10, 615-624. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2292
MLA
Wu, X., Luo, A., Zhou, Y., Ren, J."N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 10.2 (2014): 615-624.
Chicago
Wu, X., Luo, A., Zhou, Y., Ren, J."N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 10, no. 2 (2014): 615-624. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2292
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu XY, Luo AY, Zhou YR and Ren JH: N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure. Mol Med Rep 10: 615-624, 2014.
APA
Wu, X., Luo, A., Zhou, Y., & Ren, J. (2014). N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure. Molecular Medicine Reports, 10, 615-624. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2292
MLA
Wu, X., Luo, A., Zhou, Y., Ren, J."N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 10.2 (2014): 615-624.
Chicago
Wu, X., Luo, A., Zhou, Y., Ren, J."N‑acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 10, no. 2 (2014): 615-624. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2292
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team