Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
October 2014 Volume 10 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October 2014 Volume 10 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells

  • Authors:
    • Sung‑Soo Park
    • Wun‑Jae Kim
    • Sung‑Kwon Moon
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Special Self‑Governing Province 690‑756, Republic of Korea, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361‑763, Republic of Korea, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung‑Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi‑Do 456‑756, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 2031-2038
    |
    Published online on: July 28, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2422
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The thorns of Gleditsia sinensis have been used to prevent or treat numerous diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the ethanol extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns (EEGS) on platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF)‑treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). EEGS treatment was found to inhibit DNA synthesis in PDG\F‑treated VSMCs in a dose‑dependent manner, without cell toxicity. These inhibitory effects were associated with G1‑phase cell‑cycle arrest, which was caused by the decreased expression of cyclins and cyclin‑dependent kinases (CDKs) and the upregulation of p27KIP1 expression in PDGF‑stimulated VSMCs. Among the pathways examined, EEGS treatment was observed to only inhibit the PDGF‑induced phosphorylation of Akt. In addition, EEGS treatment suppressed the migration and invasion of VSMCs in the presence of PDGF as determined by wound‑healing and Matrigel™ invasion assays. Furthermore, zymographic and western blot analyses revealed that EEGS treatment suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 expression in PDGF‑treated VSMCs, which was attributed to a reduction in the binding activities of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB), activator protein (AP)‑1 and specificity protein (Sp)‑1. These results demonstrate that EEGS induces p27KIP1‑mediated G1‑phase cell‑cycle arrest, reduces Akt phosphorylation and prevents MMP‑9 expression by decreasing the binding activities of NF‑κB, AP‑1 and Sp‑1 in PDGF‑treated VSMCs, thus resulting in growth inhibition and the suppression of migration and invasion. These results may suggest a novel perspective for the use of EEGS in the treatment and prevention of vascular proliferative diseases.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Ross R: Cell biology of atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Physiol. 57:791–804. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Dzau VJ, Braun-Dullaeus RC and Sedding DG: Vascular proliferation and atherosclerosis: new perspectives and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med. 8:1249–1256. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Doran AC, Meller N and McNamara CA: Role of smooth muscle cells in the initiation and early progression of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28:812–819. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Heldin CH and Westermark B: Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol Rev. 79:1283–1316. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Zhan Y, Kim S, Izumi Y, Izumiya Y, Nakao T, Miyazaki H and Iwao H: Role of JNK, p38, and ERK in platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular proliferation, migration, and gene expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 23:795–801. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Sherr CJ: G1 phase progression: cycling on cue. Cell. 79:551–555. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Xiong Y, Hannon GJ, Zhang H, Casso D, Kobayashi R and Beach D: p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. Nature. 366:701–704. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Toyoshima H and Hunter T: p27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin-cdk protein kinase activity, is related to p21. Cell. 78:67–74. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Newby AC and Zaltsman AB: Molecular mechanisms in intimal hyperplasia. J Pathol. 190:300–309. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cho A and Reidy MA: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is necessary for the regulation of smooth muscle cell replication and migration after arterial injury. Circ Res. 91:845–851. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Galis ZS, Johnson C, Godin D, Magid R, Shipley JM, Senior RM and Ivan E: Targeted disruption of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene impairs smooth muscle cell migration and geometrical arterial remodeling. Circ Res. 91:852–859. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Cho A, Graves J and Reidy MA: Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 20:2527–2532. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Moon SK, Cha BY and Kim CH: ERK1/2 mediates TNF-alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells via the regulation of NF-kappaB and AP-1: Involvement of the ras dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol. 198:417–427. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Dollery CM, McEwan JR and Henney AM: Matrix metalloproteinases and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 77:863–868. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Hansson GK and Robertson AK: TGF-beta in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24:E1372004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Lim JC, Park JH, Budesinsky M, Kasal A, Han YH, Koo BS, Lee SI and Lee DU: Antimutagenic constituents from the thorns of Gleditsia sinensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 53:561–564. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhou L, Li D, Wang J, Liu Y and Wu J: Antibacterial phenolic compounds from the spines of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Nat Prod Res. 21:283–291. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Li WH, Zhang XM, Tian RR, Zheng YT, Zhao WM and Qiu MH: A new anti-HIV lupane acid from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 9:551–555. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Shin TY and Kim DK: Inhibitory effect of mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis by Gleditsia sinensis. Arch Pharm Res. 23:401–406. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Park E and Shin MJ: Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract from Gleditsiae Spina. J Pharmaceut Soc Korea. 37:124–128. 1993.

21 

Lee SJ, Cho YH, Kim H, Park K, Park SK, Ha SD, Kim WJ and Moon SK: Inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of Gleditsia sinensis thorns on human colon cancer HCT116 cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep. 22:1505–1512. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhou L, Li D, Jiang W, Qin Z, Zhao S, Qiu M and Wu J: Two ellagic acid glycosides from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. with antifungal activity on Magnaporthe grisea. Nat Prod Res. 21:303–309. 2007.

23 

Lee SJ, Park SS, Kim WJ and Moon SK: Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits proliferation and TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Chin Med. 40:373–386. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Tanner FC, Yang ZY, Duckers E, Gordon D, Nabel GJ and Nabel EG: Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in vascular disease. Circ Res. 82:396–403. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Chen D, Krasinski K, Sylvester A, Chen J, Nisen PD and Andrés V: Downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity and cyclin A promoter activity in vascular smooth muscle cells by p27(KIP1), an inhibitor of neointima formation in the rat carotid artery. J Clin Invest. 99:2334–2341. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Moon SK, Kim HM, Lee YC and Kim CH: Disialoganglioside (GD3) synthase gene expression suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell responses via the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cell cycle progression, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. J Biol Chem. 279:33063–33070. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Shankland SJ and Wolf G: Cell cycle regulatory proteins in renal disease: role in hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 278:F515–F529. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Uchida K, Sasahara M, Morigami N, Hazama F and Kinoshita M: Expression of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain in neointimal smooth muscle cells of balloon injured rabbit femoral arteries. Atherosclerosis. 124:9–23. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Park SS, Kim WJ and Moon SK: Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 10: 2031-2038, 2014.
APA
Park, S., Kim, W., & Moon, S. (2014). Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 10, 2031-2038. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2422
MLA
Park, S., Kim, W., Moon, S."Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 10.4 (2014): 2031-2038.
Chicago
Park, S., Kim, W., Moon, S."Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 10, no. 4 (2014): 2031-2038. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2422
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Park SS, Kim WJ and Moon SK: Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 10: 2031-2038, 2014.
APA
Park, S., Kim, W., & Moon, S. (2014). Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 10, 2031-2038. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2422
MLA
Park, S., Kim, W., Moon, S."Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 10.4 (2014): 2031-2038.
Chicago
Park, S., Kim, W., Moon, S."Gleditsia sinensis thorn extract inhibits the proliferation and migration of PDGF‑induced vascular smooth muscle cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 10, no. 4 (2014): 2031-2038. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2422
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team