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Article

Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice

  • Authors:
    • Xi Zheng
    • Qiang Wang
    • Yan Zhang
    • Dachun Yang
    • De Li
    • Bing  Tang
    • Xiuchuan Li
    • Yongjian Yang
    • Shuangtao Ma
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1679-1684
    |
    Published online on: August 7, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2464
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Abstract

The cold weather is associated with an increased occurrence of acute coronary events. However, the mechanisms underlying cold‑induced myocardial infarctions have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, 20 male, eight week‑old, apolipoprotein E (ApoE)‑deficient mice were subjected to either control conditions or intermittent cold exposure for eight weeks. Mice in the cold group were placed in a cold room at 4˚C for 4 h per day, while the mice in the control group were kept in a room at 24˚C. Cold‑exposed mice did not significantly differ from control mice in body weight, fasting glucose concentration and plasma lipid levels, including triglyceride, total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein and high‑density lipoprotein. The hematoxylin and eosin‑stained sections of the aortic root demonstrated increased plaque size in the cold group compared with the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, cold‑treated mice exhibited significantly decreased plaque collagen and vascular smooth muscle cell deposition and increased macrophage and lymphocyte content (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which are typical features of atherosclerotic plaque instability. Additionally, the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2, MMP‑9 and MMP‑14 were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)‑1 expression was decreased (P<0.05) following exposure to a cold environment. The present study demonstrated that chronic intermittent cold stress may increase atherosclerotic plaque size and promote plaque instability in ApoE‑deficient mice by altering the balance of MMPs and TIMPs. These findings may provide mechanistic insights into sudden cardiac death in cold environments.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zheng X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang D, Li D, Tang B, Li X, Yang Y and Ma S: Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice. Mol Med Rep 10: 1679-1684, 2014.
APA
Zheng, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Li, D., Tang, B. ... Ma, S. (2014). Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 10, 1679-1684. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2464
MLA
Zheng, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Li, D., Tang, B., Li, X., Yang, Y., Ma, S."Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 10.4 (2014): 1679-1684.
Chicago
Zheng, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Li, D., Tang, B., Li, X., Yang, Y., Ma, S."Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 10, no. 4 (2014): 1679-1684. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2464
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zheng X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang D, Li D, Tang B, Li X, Yang Y and Ma S: Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice. Mol Med Rep 10: 1679-1684, 2014.
APA
Zheng, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Li, D., Tang, B. ... Ma, S. (2014). Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 10, 1679-1684. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2464
MLA
Zheng, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Li, D., Tang, B., Li, X., Yang, Y., Ma, S."Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 10.4 (2014): 1679-1684.
Chicago
Zheng, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Li, D., Tang, B., Li, X., Yang, Y., Ma, S."Intermittent cold stress enhances features of atherosclerotic plaque instability in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 10, no. 4 (2014): 1679-1684. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2464
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