Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
February-2015 Volume 11 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2015 Volume 11 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia

  • Authors:
    • Kuan Geng
    • Zhong Xian Yang
    • Dexiao Huang
    • Meizi Yi
    • Yanlong  Jia
    • Gen Yan
    • Xiaofang Cheng
    • Renhua Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The Chinese People's Liberation Army 59 Hospital, Yunnan, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, P.R. China, Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Geng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 954-960
    |
    Published online on: October 29, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2805
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Progress in the development of stem cell and gene therapy requires repeatable and non‑invasive techniques to monitor the survival and integration of stem cells in vivo with a high temporal and spatial resolution. The purpose of the present study was to examine the feasibility of using the standard contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‑DTPA) to label rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for stem cell tracking. MSCs, obtained from the bilateral femora of rats, were cultured and propagated. The non‑liposomal lipid transfection reagent effectene was then used to induce the intracellular uptake of Gd‑DTPA. Electron microscopy was used to detect the distribution of Gd‑DTPA particles in the MSCs. The labeling efficiency of the Gd‑DTPA particles in the MSCs was determined using spectrophotometry, and MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the viability and proliferation of the labeled MSCs. T1‑weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe the labeled cells in vitro and in the rat brain. Gd‑DTPA particles were detected inside the MSCs using transmission electron microscopy and a high labeling efficiency was observed. No difference was observed in cell viability or proliferation between the labeled and unlabeled MSCs (P>0.05). In the in vitro T1‑weighted MRI and in the rat brain, a high signal intensity was observed in the labeled MSCs. The T1‑weighted imaging of the labeled cells revealed a significantly higher signal intensity compared with that of the unlabeled cells (P<0.05) and the T1 values were significantly lower. The function of the labeled MSCs demonstrated no change following Gd‑DTPA labeling, with no evident adverse effect on cell viability or proliferation. Therefore, a change in MR signal intensity was detected in vitro and in vivo, suggesting Gd‑DTPA can be used to label MSCs for MRI tracking.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Eftekharpour E, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S and Fehlings MG: Current status of experimental cell replacement approaches to spinal cord injury. Neurosurg Focus. 24:E192008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Zhang ZG, Jiang Q, Zhang R, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and neurosphere therapy of stroke in rat. Ann Neurol. 53:259–263. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Walczak P and Bulte JW: The role of noninvasive cellular imaging in developing cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegener Dis. 4:306–313. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kurozumi K, Nakamura K, Tamiya T, et al: Mesenchymal stem cells that produce neurotrophic factors reduce ischemic damage in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Mol Ther. 11:96–104. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Satake K, Lou J and Lenke LG: Migration of mesenchymal stem cells through cerebrospinal fluid into injured spinal cord tissue. Spine (Phila Pa). 1976. 29:1971–1979. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Liu Y, He ZJ, Xu B, et al: Evaluation of cell tracking effects for transplanted mesenchymal stem cells with jetPEI/Gd-DTPA complexes in animal models of hemorrhagic spinal cord injury. Brain Res. 1391:24–35. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Frank J, Anderson S, Kalsih H, et al: Methods for magnetically labeling stem and other cells for detection by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cytotherapy. 6:621–625. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Modo M, Hoehn M and Bulte J: Cellular MR imaging. Mol Imaging. 4:143–164. 2004.

9 

Bulte J, Zhang SC, Van Gelderen P, et al: Neurotransplantation of magnetically labeled oligodendrocyte progenitors: magnetic resonance tracking of cell migration and myelination. Proceedings of the Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:15256–15261. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Josephson L, Tung C-H, Moore A and Weissleder R: High-efficiency intracellular magnetic labeling with novel superparamagnetic-Tat peptide conjugates. Bioconj Chem. 10:186–191. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Meincke M, Schlorf T, Kossel E, Jansen O, Glueer CC and Mentlein R: Iron oxide-loaded liposomes for MR imaging. Front Biosci. 13:40022008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ris F, Lepetit-Coiffe M, Meda P, et al: Assessment of human islet labeling with clinical grade iron nanoparticles prior to transplantation for graft monitoring by MRI. Cell Transplant. 19:1573–1585. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Arbab AS, Liu W and Frank JA: Cellular magnetic resonance imaging: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Med Devices. 3:427–439. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wu YL, Ye Q, Foley LM, et al: In situ labeling of immune cells with iron oxide particles: an approach to detect organ rejection by cellular MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:1852–1857. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Schafer R, Ayturan M, Bantleon R, et al: The use of clinically approved small particles of iron oxide (SPIO) for labeling of mesenchymal stem cells aggravates clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and influences their in vivo distribution. Cell Transplant. 17:923–941. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

So PW, Kalber T, Hunt D, et al: Efficient and rapid labeling of transplanted cell populations with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using cell surface chemical biotinylation for in vivo monitoring by MRI. Cell Transplant. 19:419–429. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Suzuki Y, Zhang S, Kundu P, Yeung AC, Robbins RC and Yang PC: In vitro comparison of the biological effects of three transfection methods for magnetically labeling mouse embryonic stem cells with ferumoxides. Magn Reson Med. 57:1173–1179. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

van Tiel ST, Wielopolski PA, Houston GC, Krestin GP and Bernsen MR: Variations in labeling protocol influence incorporation, distribution and retention of iron oxide nanoparticles into human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 5:247–257. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Jara H, Yu B, Caruthers S, Melhem E and Yucel E: Voxel sensitivity function description of flow-induced signal loss in MR imaging: Implications for black-blood MR angiography with turbo spin-echo sequences. Magnetic Reson Med. 41:575–590. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Reichenbach JR, Venkatesan R, Yablonskiy DA, Thompson MR, Lai S and Haacke EM: Theory and application of static field inhomogeneity effects in gradient-echo imaging. Journal of Magn Reson Imaging. 7:266–279. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Van Den Bos EJ, Baks T, Moelker AD, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of haemorrhage within reperfused myocardial infarcts: possible interference with iron oxide-labelled cell tracking? Eur Heart J. 27:1620–1626. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kraitchman DL, Gilson WD and Lorenz CH: Stem cell therapy: MRI guidance and monitoring. J Magn Reson Imaging. 27:299–310. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Rudelius M, Daldrup-Link HE, Heinzmann U, et al: Highly efficient paramagnetic labelling of embryonic and neuronal stem cells. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 30:1038–1044. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Modo M, Cash D, Mellodew K, et al: Tracking transplanted stem cell migration using bifunctional, contrast agent-enhanced, magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage. 17:803–811. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Klasson A, Ahrén M, Hellqvist E, et al: Positive MRI contrast enhancement in THP-1 cells with Gd2O3 nanoparticles. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 3:106–111. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sitharaman B, Tran LA, Pham QP, et al: Gadofullerenes as nanoscale magnetic labels for cellular MRI. Contrast Media Molr Imaging. 2:139–146. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Okamoto T, Aoyama T, Nakayama T, et al: Clonal heterogeneity in differentiation potential of immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 295:354–361. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Shen J, Cheng LN, Zhong XM, Duan XH, Guo RM and Hong GB: Efficient in vitro labeling rabbit neural stem cell with paramagnetic Gd-DTPA and fluorescent substance. Eur J Radiol. 75:397–405. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Denizot F and Lang R: Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival: modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability. J Immunol Methods. 89:271–277. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ward R, Wilmet S, Legssyer R and Crichton R: The influence of iron homoeostasis on macrophage function. Biochem Soc Trans. 30:762–765. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Engström M, Klasson A, Pedersen H, Vahlberg C, Käll P-O and Uvdal K: High proton relaxivity for gadolinium oxide nanoparticles. MAGMA. 19:180–186. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Rodríguez-Frutos B, Alvarez-Grech J, et al: Functional recovery after hematic administration of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in acute ischemic stroke in rats. Neuroscience. 175:394–405. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Cho H, Choi YK, Lee DH, et al: Effects of magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields on injured rat spinal cord. Biotechnolo Appl Biochem. 60:596–602. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Barry F and Murphy M: Mesenchymal stem cells in joint disease and repair. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 9:584–594. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

van Velthoven CT, Sheldon RA, Kavelaars A, et al: Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation attenuates brain injury after neonatal stroke. Stroke. 44:1426–1432. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Guenoun J, Koning GA, Doeswijk G, et al: Cationic Gd-DTPA liposomes for highly efficient labeling of mesenchymal stem cells and cell tracking with MRI. Cell Transplant. 21:191–205. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Sun R, Dittrich J, Le-Huu M, et al: Physical and biological characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide-and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled cells: a comparison. Invest Radiol. 40:504–513. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Hoehn M, Küstermann E, Blunk J, et al: Monitoring of implanted stem cell migration in vivo: a highly resolved in vivo magnetic resonance imaging investigation of experimental stroke in rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:16267–16272. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Drey F, Choi Y, Neef K, et al: Noninvasive in vivo tracking of mesenchymal stem cells and evaluation of cell therapeutic effects in a murine model using a clinical 3.0 T MRI. Cell Transplant. 22:1971–1980. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Crichton RR, Wilmet S, Legssyer R and Ward RJ: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of iron homeostasis and toxicity in mammalian cells. J Inorg Biochem. 91:9–18. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Rosenberg JT, Sellgren KL, Sachi-Kocher A, et al: Magnetic resonance contrast and biological effects of intracellular superparamagnetic iron oxides on human mesenchymal stem cells with long-term culture and hypoxic exposure. Cytotherapy. 15:307–322. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

van den Bos EJ, Wagner A, Mahrholdt H, et al: Improved efficacy of stem cell labeling for magnetic resonance imaging studies by the use of cationic liposomes. Cell Transplant. 12:743–756. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Daldrup-Link HE, Rudelius M, Oostendorp RA, et al: Targeting of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells with MR Contrast Agents. Radiology. 228:760–767. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Shyu W-C, Chen C-P, Lin S-Z, Lee Y-J and Li H: Efficient tracking of non-iron-labeled mesenchymal stem cells with serial MRI in chronic stroke rats. Stroke. 38:367–374. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Kim T, Momin E, Choi J, et al: Mesoporous silica-coated hollow manganese oxide nanoparticles as positive T 1 contrast agents for labeling and MRI tracking of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Am Chem Soc. 133:2955–2961. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Geng K, Yang ZX, Huang D, Yi M, Jia Y, Yan G, Cheng X and Wu R: Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 11: 954-960, 2015.
APA
Geng, K., Yang, Z.X., Huang, D., Yi, M., Jia, Y., Yan, G. ... Wu, R. (2015). Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia. Molecular Medicine Reports, 11, 954-960. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2805
MLA
Geng, K., Yang, Z. X., Huang, D., Yi, M., Jia, Y., Yan, G., Cheng, X., Wu, R."Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 11.2 (2015): 954-960.
Chicago
Geng, K., Yang, Z. X., Huang, D., Yi, M., Jia, Y., Yan, G., Cheng, X., Wu, R."Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 11, no. 2 (2015): 954-960. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2805
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Geng K, Yang ZX, Huang D, Yi M, Jia Y, Yan G, Cheng X and Wu R: Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 11: 954-960, 2015.
APA
Geng, K., Yang, Z.X., Huang, D., Yi, M., Jia, Y., Yan, G. ... Wu, R. (2015). Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia. Molecular Medicine Reports, 11, 954-960. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2805
MLA
Geng, K., Yang, Z. X., Huang, D., Yi, M., Jia, Y., Yan, G., Cheng, X., Wu, R."Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 11.2 (2015): 954-960.
Chicago
Geng, K., Yang, Z. X., Huang, D., Yi, M., Jia, Y., Yan, G., Cheng, X., Wu, R."Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 11, no. 2 (2015): 954-960. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2805
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team