Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
February-2015 Volume 11 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2015 Volume 11 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein

  • Authors:
    • Juan Xu
    • Feng Yue
    • Jingbo Wang
    • Li Chen
    • Wenbo Qi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China, Central Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 865-870
    |
    Published online on: October 29, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2807
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The balance between bone formation and resorption is compromised in diabetes, which may contribute to the high risk of fractures in diabetic patients. However, the mechanism by which high glucose affects bone turnover remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that high glucose inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand (RANKL)‑induced osteoclastogenesis. In order to examine the mechanism involved in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, the present study examined several key molecules involved in osteoclast differentiation, including v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 (Atp6V0d2), dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), c‑fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). The expression levels of Atp6V0d2 and DC‑STAMP are regulated by NFATc1 and c‑fos, and are required for osteoclast fusion, which is important for osteoclast maturation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study demonstrated for the first time that high glucose decreased the gene expression of ATP6v0d2 and DC‑STAMP in RAW264.7 cells mediated by RANKL. Therefore, the suppression of pre‑osteoclast or osteoclast fusion may be essential for the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Xu Y, Wang L, He J, et al: Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults. JAMA. 310:948–959. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Khazai NB, Beck GR Jr and Umpierrez GE: Diabetes and fractures: an overshadowed association. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 16:435–445. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hamada Y, Kitazawa S, Kitazawa R, Fujii H, Kasuga M and Fukagawa M: Histomorphometric analysis of diabetic osteopenia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: a possible role of oxidative stress. Bone. 40:1408–1414. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Fujii H, Hamada Y and Fukagawa M: Bone formation in spontaneously diabetic Torii-newly established model of non-obese type 2 diabetes rats. Bone. 42:372–379. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Gaudio A, Privitera F, Battaglia K, et al: Sclerostin levels associated with inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduced bone turnover in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97:3744–3750. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Wittrant Y, Gorin Y, Woodruff K, et al: High d(+) glucose concentration inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Bone. 42:1122–1130. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Xu F, Ye YP, Dong YH, Guo FJ, Chen AM and Huang SL: Inhibitory effects of high glucose/insulin environment on osteoclast formation and resorption in vitro. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 33:244–249. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kaneko H, Sasaki T, Ramamurthy NS and Golub LM: Tetracycline administration normalizes the structure and acid phosphatase activity of osteoclasts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Anat Rec. 227:427–436. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hamada Y, Fujii H, Kitazawa R, Yodoi J, Kitazawa S and Fukagawa M: Thioredoxin-1 overexpression in transgenic mice attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic osteopenia: a novel role of oxidative stress and therapeutic implications. Bone. 44:936–941. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Reyes-García R, Rozas-Moreno P, López-Gallardo G, García-Martín A, Varsavsky M, Avilés-Perez MD and Muñoz-Torres M: Serum levels of bone resorption markers are decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 50:47–52. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Dienelt A and zur Nieden NI: Hyperglycemia impairs skeletogenesis from embryonic stem cells by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Stem Cells Dev. 20:465–474. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Jimi E, Gillespie MT and Martin TJ: Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr Rev. 20:345–357. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kim K, Lee SH, Ha Kim J, Choi Y and Kim N: NFATc1 induces osteoclast fusion via up-regulation of Atp6v0d2 and the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). Mol Endocrinol. 22:176–185. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Jimi E, Gillespie MT and Martin TJ: Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr Rev. 20:345–357. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Asagiri M and Takayanagi H: The molecular understanding of osteoclast differentiation. Bone. 40:251–264. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Boyle WJ, Simonet WS and Lacey DL: Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature. 423:337–342. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Yamashita T, Yao Z, Li F, et al: NF-kappaB p50 and p52 regulate receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-induced osteoclast precursor differentiation by activating c-Fos and NFATc1. J Biol Chem. 282:18245–18253. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Teitelbaum SL and Ross FP: Genetic regulation of osteoclast development and function. Nat Rev Genet. 4:638–649. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Yagi M, Miyamoto T, Sawatani Y, et al: DC-STAMP is essential for cell-cell fusion in osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells. J Exp Med. 202:345–351. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Lee SH, Rho J, Jeong D, et al: v-ATPase V0 subunit d2-deficient mice exhibit impaired osteoclast fusion and increased bone formation. Nat Med. 12:1403–1409. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Yagi M, Ninomiya K, Fujita N, et al: Induction of DC-STAMP by alternative activation and downstream signaling mechanisms. J Bone Miner Res. 22:992–1001. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Suzuki K, Kurose T, Takizawa M, et al: Osteoclastic function is accelerated in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the preventive role of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor/osteoprotegerin (OCIF/OPG) on the decrease of bone mineral density. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 68:117–125. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Hie M, Yamazaki M and Tsukamoto I: Curcumin suppresses increased bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol. 621:1–9. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Rio DC, Ares M Jr, Hannon GJ and Nilsen TW: Purification of RNA using TRIzol (TRI reagent). Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2010.5439:2010

25 

Matsuo K, Owens JM, Tonko M, Elliott C, Chambers TJ and Wagner EF: Fosl1 is a transcriptional target of c-Fos during osteoclast differentiation. Nat Genet. 24:184–187. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wagner EF and Karsenty G: Genetic control of skeletal development. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 11:527–532. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Takayanagi H, Kim S, Koga T, et al: Induction and activation of the transcription factor NFATc1 (NFAT2) integrate RANKL signaling in terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. Dev Cell. 3:889–901. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Matsuo K, Galson DL, Zhao C, et al: Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) rescues osteoclastogenesis in precursors lacking c-Fos. J Biol Chem. 279:26475–26480. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ishida N, Hayashi K, Hoshijima M, et al: Large scale gene expression analysis of osteoclastogenesis in vitro and elucidation of NFAT2 as a key regulator. J Biol Chem. 277:41147–41156. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Gandhi A, Doumas C, O’Connor JP, Parsons JR and Lin SS: The effects of local platelet rich plasma delivery on diabetic fracture healing. Bone. 38:540–546. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Verhaeghe J, Suiker AM, Visser WJ, Van Herck E, Van Bree R and Bouillon R: The effects of systemic insulin, insulinlike growth factor-I and growth hormone on bone growth and turnover in spontaneously diabetic BB rats. J Endocrinol. 134:485–492. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Hamada Y, Fujii H, Kitazawa R, Yodoi J, Kitazawa S and Fukagawa M: Thioredoxin-1 overexpression in transgenic mice attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic osteopenia: a novel role of oxidative stress and therapeutic implications. Bone. 44:936–941. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Fujii H, Hamada Y and Fukagawa M: Bone formation in spontaneously diabetic Torii-newly established model of nonobese type 2 diabetes rats. Bone. 42:372–379. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Dougall WC, Glaccum M, Charrier K, et al: RANK is essential for osteoclast and lymph node development. Genes Dev. 13:2412–2424. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kong YY, Yoshida H, Sarosi I, et al: OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature. 397:315–323. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Wagner EF and Eferl R: Fos/AP-1 proteins in bone and the immune system. Immunol Rev. 208:126–140. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Wang ZQ, Ovitt C, Grigoriadis AE, Möhle-Steinlein U, Rüther U and Wagner EF: Bone and haematopoietic defects in mice lacking c-fos. Nature. 360:741–745. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Grigoriadis AE, Wang ZQ, Cecchini MG, Hofstetter W, Felix R, Fleisch HA and Wagner EF: c-Fos: a key regulator of osteoclast-macrophage lineage determination and bone remodeling. Science. 266:443–448. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Matsuo K, Galson DL, Zhao C, et al: Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) rescues osteoclastogenesis in precursors lacking c-Fos. Biol Chem. 279:26475–26480. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Teitelbaum SL: Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science. 289:1504–1508. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yagi M, Miyamoto T, Toyama Y and Suda T: Role of DC-STAMP in cellular fusion of osteoclasts and macrophage giant cells. J Bone Miner Metab. 24:355–358. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Feng X and McDonald JM: Disorders of bone remodeling. Annu Rev Pathol. 6:121–145. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Karsdal MA, Martin TJ, Bollerslev J, Christiansen C and Henriksen K: Are nonresorbing osteoclasts sources of bone anabolic activity? Bone Miner Res. 22:487–494. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Burr DB, Miller L, Grynpas M, et al: Tissue mineralization is increased following 1-year treatment with high doses of bisphosphonates in dogs. Bone. 33:960–969. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Li J, Sato M, Jerome C, Turner CH, Fan Z and Burr DB: Microdamage accumulation in the monkey vertebra does not occur when bone turnover is suppressed by 50% or less with estrogen or raloxifene. J Bone Miner Metab. 23:48–54. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Ma L, Oei L, Jiang L, et al: Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 27:319–332. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Vestergaard P: Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes-a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 18:427–444. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Janghorbani M, Van Dam RM, Willett WC and Hu FB: Systematic review of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of fracture. Am J Epidemiol. 166:495–505. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu J, Yue F, Wang J, Chen L and Qi W: High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein. Mol Med Rep 11: 865-870, 2015.
APA
Xu, J., Yue, F., Wang, J., Chen, L., & Qi, W. (2015). High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein. Molecular Medicine Reports, 11, 865-870. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2807
MLA
Xu, J., Yue, F., Wang, J., Chen, L., Qi, W."High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein". Molecular Medicine Reports 11.2 (2015): 865-870.
Chicago
Xu, J., Yue, F., Wang, J., Chen, L., Qi, W."High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein". Molecular Medicine Reports 11, no. 2 (2015): 865-870. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2807
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu J, Yue F, Wang J, Chen L and Qi W: High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein. Mol Med Rep 11: 865-870, 2015.
APA
Xu, J., Yue, F., Wang, J., Chen, L., & Qi, W. (2015). High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein. Molecular Medicine Reports, 11, 865-870. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2807
MLA
Xu, J., Yue, F., Wang, J., Chen, L., Qi, W."High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein". Molecular Medicine Reports 11.2 (2015): 865-870.
Chicago
Xu, J., Yue, F., Wang, J., Chen, L., Qi, W."High glucose inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulation of v‑ATPase V0 subunit d2 and dendritic cell‑specific transmembrane protein". Molecular Medicine Reports 11, no. 2 (2015): 865-870. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2807
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team