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Article Open Access

Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes

  • Authors:
    • Jianlin Yuan
    • Xiaomin Yi
    • Fei Yan
    • Fuli Wang
    • Weijun Qin
    • Guojun  Wu
    • Xiaojian Yang
    • Chen Shao
    • Leland W.K. Chung
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China, Uro‑Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars‑Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
    Copyright: © Yuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 821-828
    |
    Published online on: October 29, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2815
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Abstract

Near‑infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an attractive novel modality for the detection of cancer. A previous study defined two organic polymethine cyanine dyes as ideal NIRF probes, IR‑783 and its derivative MHI‑148, which have excellent optical characteristics, superior biocompatibility and cancer targeting abilities. To investigate the feasibility of NIRF dye‑mediated prostate cancer imaging, dye uptake and subcellular co‑localization were investigated in PC‑3, DU‑145 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells and RWPE‑1 normal prostate epithelial cells. Different organic anion transporting peptide (OATP) inhibitors were utilized to explore the potential role of the OATP subtype, including the nonspecific OATP inhibitor bromosulfophthalein, the OATP1 inhibitor 17β‑estradiol, the selective OATP1B1 inhibitor rifampicin and the selective OATP1B3 inhibitor cholecystokinin octapeptide. NIRF dyes were also used for the simulated detection of circulating tumor cells and the rapid detection of prostate cancer in human prostate cancer tissues and prostate cancer xenografts in mouse models. The results revealed that the cancer‑specific uptake of these organic dyes in prostate cancer cells occurred primarily via OATP1B3. A strong NIRF signal was detected in prostate cancer tissues, but not in normal tissues that were stained with IR‑783. Prostate cancer cells were recognized with particular NIR fluorescence in isolated mononuclear cell mixtures. The results of the present study demonstrated that NIRF dye‑mediated imaging is a feasible and practicable method for prostate cancer detection, although further investigative studies are required before clinical translation.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yuan J, Yi X, Yan F, Wang F, Qin W, Wu G, Yang X, Shao C and Chung LW: Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes. Mol Med Rep 11: 821-828, 2015.
APA
Yuan, J., Yi, X., Yan, F., Wang, F., Qin, W., Wu, G. ... Chung, L.W. (2015). Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes. Molecular Medicine Reports, 11, 821-828. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2815
MLA
Yuan, J., Yi, X., Yan, F., Wang, F., Qin, W., Wu, G., Yang, X., Shao, C., Chung, L. W."Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes". Molecular Medicine Reports 11.2 (2015): 821-828.
Chicago
Yuan, J., Yi, X., Yan, F., Wang, F., Qin, W., Wu, G., Yang, X., Shao, C., Chung, L. W."Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes". Molecular Medicine Reports 11, no. 2 (2015): 821-828. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2815
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yuan J, Yi X, Yan F, Wang F, Qin W, Wu G, Yang X, Shao C and Chung LW: Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes. Mol Med Rep 11: 821-828, 2015.
APA
Yuan, J., Yi, X., Yan, F., Wang, F., Qin, W., Wu, G. ... Chung, L.W. (2015). Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes. Molecular Medicine Reports, 11, 821-828. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2815
MLA
Yuan, J., Yi, X., Yan, F., Wang, F., Qin, W., Wu, G., Yang, X., Shao, C., Chung, L. W."Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes". Molecular Medicine Reports 11.2 (2015): 821-828.
Chicago
Yuan, J., Yi, X., Yan, F., Wang, F., Qin, W., Wu, G., Yang, X., Shao, C., Chung, L. W."Near‑infrared fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer using heptamethine carbocyanine dyes". Molecular Medicine Reports 11, no. 2 (2015): 821-828. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2815
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