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Article Open Access

Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats

  • Authors:
    • Young‑Giun Kim
    • Hyung‑Ho Lim
    • Suh‑Ha Lee
    • Mal‑Soon Shin
    • Chang‑Ju Kim
    • Hyeon Jeong Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oriental Medical Rehabilitation, Gil Oriental Medical Hospital, College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 405‑760, Republic of Korea, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Gyeonggi‑do 130‑701, Republic of Korea, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 463‑721, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 1639-1644
    |
    Published online on: April 15, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3613
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Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is a severe microvascular complication amongst patients with diabetes, and is the primary cause of visual loss through neovascularization. Betaine is one of the components of Fructus Lycii. In the present study, the effects of betaine on the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α in association with the Akt pathway were investigated in the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic rats using western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. The results of the present study revealed that the expression levels of VEGF, HIF‑1α, and Akt were increased in the retinas of the STZ‑induced diabetic rats. Betaine treatment attenuated this increase in VEGF and HIF‑1α expression via suppression of diabetes‑induced Akt activation in the retinas of the diabetic rats. The results suggested that betaine may potentially be used to delay the onset of complications associated with diabetic retinopathy via inhibition of retinal neovascularization in patients with diabetes.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kim YG, Lim HH, Lee SH, Shin MS, Kim CJ and Yang HJ: Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Mol Med Rep 12: 1639-1644, 2015.
APA
Kim, Y., Lim, H., Lee, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., & Yang, H.J. (2015). Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 1639-1644. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3613
MLA
Kim, Y., Lim, H., Lee, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., Yang, H. J."Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.2 (2015): 1639-1644.
Chicago
Kim, Y., Lim, H., Lee, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., Yang, H. J."Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 2 (2015): 1639-1644. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3613
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kim YG, Lim HH, Lee SH, Shin MS, Kim CJ and Yang HJ: Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Mol Med Rep 12: 1639-1644, 2015.
APA
Kim, Y., Lim, H., Lee, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., & Yang, H.J. (2015). Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 1639-1644. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3613
MLA
Kim, Y., Lim, H., Lee, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., Yang, H. J."Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.2 (2015): 1639-1644.
Chicago
Kim, Y., Lim, H., Lee, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., Yang, H. J."Betaine inhibits vascularization via suppression of Akt in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 2 (2015): 1639-1644. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3613
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