Apoptosis-inducing factor and calpain upregulation in glutamate-induced injury of rat spiral ganglion neurons

Ding,Zhong‑Jia; Chen,Xin; Tang,Xiao‑Xu; Wang,Xi; Song,Yong‑Li; Chen,Xiao‑Dong; Wang,Jian; Wang,Ren‑Feng; Mi,Wen‑Juan; Chen,Fu‑Quan; Qiu,Jian‑Hua

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.3626

August-2015 Volume 12 Issue 2

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August-2015 Volume 12 Issue 2

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Apoptosis-inducing factor and calpain upregulation in glutamate-induced injury of rat spiral ganglion neurons

Authors:
- Zhong‑Jia Ding
- Xin Chen
- Xiao‑Xu Tang
- Xi Wang
- Yong‑Li Song
- Xiao‑Dong Chen
- Jian Wang
- Ren‑Feng Wang
- Wen‑Juan Mi
- Fu‑Quan Chen
- Jian‑Hua Qiu
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China, Outpatient Department, Logistics Academy, Beijing 100858, P.R. China

Copyright: © Ding et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
Pages: 1685-1692
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Published online on: April 16, 2015

https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3626
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Abstract

Spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) damage and apoptosis can lead to noise-induced hearing loss, age‑associated hearing loss and, in certain cases, auditory neuropathy. The apoptosis‑inducing factor (AIF)‑associated pathway may be important in this process. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of AIF and calpain in damaged SGNs. Glutamate (Glu) perfusion and cell culture in different concentrations of Glu were performed to damage the SGNs of Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats, with saline water used as a control Different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) of Glu were injected into the cochlear tympanic canal of 18 SD rats, and 10, 20 and 40 mM Glu were added to SGN cultures. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured prior to and 2 days following the injection of Glu. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the SGN damage and the expression levels of AIF and calpain in vivo and in in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to measure cell apoptosis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyse the gene expression levels of AIF and calpain in the damaged SGNs. The TEM identified mitochondrial vacuolisation, swelling of the SGN and heterochromatin formation. Injection of Glu reduced the number of SGNs and induced apoptosis. AIF was observed to translocate into the nuclei of the SGNs in the 20 and 40 mM Glu groups, and the expression levels of AIF and calpain were markedly upregulated in the modiolus of the Glu‑damaged SGNs. The upregulation of AIF and calpain may be important in the process of SGN damage and apoptosis.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Apoptosis-inducing factor and calpain upregulation in glutamate-induced injury of rat spiral ganglion neurons

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