Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
August-2015 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2015 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Yuan‑Zheng Yang
    • Ting‑Ting Fan
    • Feng Gao
    • Juan Fu
    • Qiong Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2189-2196
    |
    Published online on: April 16, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3629
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The current study investigated the role of exogenous cytochrome c in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) using a mouse model and aimed to elucidate its effect on transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) expression during this process. A total of 75 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the following five group: Normal (N, n=15); sham‑operation (SHAM, n=15); sepsis (CLP, n=15); normal saline (NS, n=15); and cytochrome c (Cytc, n=15). Animals were sacrificed at 0, 6 or 12 h and the samples were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, histopathological examination, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, protein analysis by western blotting. The SIMD model was developed and a significant downregulation of TGF‑β1 gene expression, in addition to a reduction in the plasma and protein levels of TGF‑β1 as well as the protein levels of TGF‑β1‑activated SMAD 1/5/8 were observed in the CLP group. The data from the current study indicate that using exogenous cytochrome c as a therapeutic strategy for SIMD is feasible, and may function via the downregulation of TGF-β1 expression through the SMAD 1/5/8 signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Wheeler DS: Death to sepsis: targeting apoptosis pathways in sepsis. Crit Care. 13:10102009. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Rudiger A and Singer M: Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 35:1599–1608. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sharma AC: Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Shock. 28:265–269. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Sips PY, Irie T, Zou L, et al: Reduction of cardiomyocyte S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects against sepsis-induced myocardial depression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 304:H1134–H1146. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Krishnagopalan S and Kumar A, Parrillo JE and Kumar A: Myocardial dysfunction in the patient with sepsis. Curr Opin Crit Care. 8:376–388. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Blanco J, Muriel-Bombin A, Sagredo V, et al: Incidence, organ dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis: a Spanish multicentre study. Crit Care. 12:R1582008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Romero-Bermejo FJ, Ruiz-Bailen M, Gil-Cebrian J and Huertos-Ranchal MJ: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Curr Cardiol Rev. 7:163–183. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Takasu O, Gaut JP, Watanabe E, et al: Mechanisms of cardiac and renal dysfunction in patients dying of sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187:509–517. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Rudiger A and Singer M: The heart in sepsis: from basic mechanisms to clinical management. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 11:187–195. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Aoki Y, Hatakeyama N, Yamamoto S, et al: Role of ion channels in sepsis-induced atrial tachyarrhythmias in guinea pigs. Br J Pharmacol. 166:390–400. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

11 

Levy RJ and Deutschman CS: Cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 35(Suppl): S468–S475. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Yao YM, Luan YY, Zhang QH and Sheng ZY: Pathophysiological aspects of sepsis: an overview. Methods Mol Biol. 1237:5–15. 2015.

13 

Cao J, Xu F, Lin S, et al: IL-27 controls sepsis-induced impairment of lung antibacterial host defence. Thorax. 69:926–937. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Sharma D, Packiriswamy N, Malik A, et al: Nonhematopoietic β-Arrestin-1 inhibits inflammation in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. Am J Pathol. 184:2297–2309. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Schilling J, Lai L, Sambandam N, Dey CE, Leone TC and Kelly DP: Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory signaling reprograms cardiac energy metabolism by repressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 signaling. Circ Heart Fail. 4:474–482. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Hsu BG, Lee RP, Yang FL, Harn HJ and Chen HI: Post-treatment with N-acetylcysteine ameliorates endotoxin shock-induced organ damage in conscious rats. Life Sci. 79:2010–2016. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Pathan N, Hemingway CA, Alizadeh AA, et al: Role of interleukin 6 in myocardial dysfunction of meningococcal septic shock. Lancet. 363:203–209. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kumar A, Kumar A, Paladugu B, Mensing J and Parrillo JE: Transforming growth factor-beta1 blocks in vitro cardiac myocyte depression induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and human septic shock serum. Crit Care Med. 35:358–364. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Rainer PP, Hao S, Vanhoutte D, et al: Cardiomyocyte-specific transforming growth factor beta suppression blocks neutrophil infiltration, augments multiple cytoprotective cascades, and reduces early mortality after myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 114:1246–1257. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

ElZarrad MK, Mukhopadhyay P, Mohan N, et al: Trastuzumab alters the expression of genes essential for cardiac function and induces ultrastructural changes of cardiomyocytes in mice. PloS One. 8:e795432013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Zang Q, Maass DL, Tsai SJ and Horton JW: Cardiac mitochondrial damage and inflammation responses in sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 8:41–54. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Bouchier-Hayes L, Lartigue L and Newmeyer DD: Mitochondria: pharmacological manipulation of cell death. J Clin Invest. 115:2640–2647. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Groening P, Huang Z, La Gamma EF and Levy RJ: Glutamine restores myocardial cytochrome C oxidase activity and improves cardiac function during experimental sepsis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 35:249–254. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Levy RJ, Vijayasarathy C, Raj NR, Avadhani NG and Deutschman CS: Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of myocardial cytochrome C oxidase in sepsis. Shock. 21:110–114. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Singleton KD, Serkova N, Beckey VE and Wischmeyer PE: Glutamine attenuates lung injury and improves survival after sepsis: role of enhanced heat shock protein expression. Crit Care Med. 33:1206–1213. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Chopra M, Golden HB, Mullapudi S, Dowhan W, Dostal DE and Sharma AC: Modulation of myocardial mitochondrial mechanisms during severe polymicrobial sepsis in the rat. PLoS One. 6:e212852011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Hüttemann M, Lee I, Grossman LI, Doan JW and Sanderson TH: Phosphorylation of mammalian cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase in the regulation of cell destiny: respiration, apoptosis, and human disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 748:237–264. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Sjövall F, Morota S, Persson J, Hansson MJ and Elmér E: Patients with sepsis exhibit increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in peripheral blood immune cells. Crit Care. 17:R1522013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kantrow SP, Tatro LG and Piantadosi CA: Oxidative stress and adenine nucleotide control of mitochondrial permeability transition. Free Radic Biol Med. 28:251–260. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Hüttemann M, Lee I, Pecinova A, Pecina P, Przyklenk K and Doan JW: Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and their role in human disease. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 40:445–456. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Hüttemann M, Helling S, Sanderson TH, et al: Regulation of mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis through cell signaling: cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c in ischemia/reperfusion injury and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1817:598–609. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Piel DA, Deutschman CS and Levy RJ: Exogenous cytochrome C restores myocardial cytochrome oxidase activity into the late phase of sepsis. Shock. 29:612–616. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Lorente L, Martín MM, López-Gallardo E, et al: Platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity and quantity in septic patients. Crit Care Med. 39:1289–1294. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Piel DA, Gruber PJ, Weinheimer CJ, et al: Mitochondrial resuscitation with exogenous cytochrome c in the septic heart. Crit Care Med. 35:2120–2127. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Saas P and Perruche S: Functions of TGF-β-exposed plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Crit Rev Immunol. 32:529–553. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Hegarty SV, O’Keeffe GW and Sullivan AM: BMP-Smad 1/5/8 signalling in the development of the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol. 109:28–41. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Derynck R and Zhang YE: SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. Nature. 425:577–584. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wrighton KH, Lin X and Feng XH: Phosphocontrol of TGF-beta superfamily signaling. Cell Res. 19:8–20. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Voloshenyuk TG, Landesman ES, Khoutorova E, et al: Induction of cardiac fibroblast lysyl oxidase by TGF-β1 requires PI3K/Akt, Smad3, and MAPK signaling. Cytokine. 55:90–97. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Olieslagers S, Pardali E, Tchaikovski V, et al: TGF-β1/ALK5-induced monocyte migration involves PI3K and p38 pathways and is not negatively affected by diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Res. 91:510–518. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Euler-Taimor G and Heger J: The complex pattern of SMAD signaling in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res. 69:15–25. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Yeh YH, Kuo CT, Chang GJ, Qi XY, Nattel S and Chen WJ: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 mediates the differential responsiveness of atrial versus ventricular fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-β. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 6:790–798. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Sohn EJ, Kim J, Hwang Y, Im S, Moon Y and Kang DM: TGF-β suppresses the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function in lung A549 cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 58(Suppl): OL1763–OL1767. 2012.

44 

Corcoran JB, McCarthy S, Griffin B, et al: IHG-1 must be localised to mitochondria to decrease Smad7 expression and amplify TGF-β1-induced fibrotic responses. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1833:1969–1978. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Piplani H, Vaish V, Rana C, et al: Up-regulation of p53 and mitochondrial signaling pathway in apoptosis by a combination of COX-2 inhibitor, Celecoxib and Dolastatin 15, a marine mollusk linear peptide in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog. 52:845–858. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Abe Y, Sakairi T, Beeson C and Kopp JB: TGF-β1 stimulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured mouse podocytes, mediated in part by the mTOR pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 305:F1477–F1490. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang YZ, Fan TT, Gao F, Fu J and Liu Q: Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 12: 2189-2196, 2015.
APA
Yang, Y., Fan, T., Gao, F., Fu, J., & Liu, Q. (2015). Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 2189-2196. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3629
MLA
Yang, Y., Fan, T., Gao, F., Fu, J., Liu, Q."Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.2 (2015): 2189-2196.
Chicago
Yang, Y., Fan, T., Gao, F., Fu, J., Liu, Q."Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 2 (2015): 2189-2196. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3629
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang YZ, Fan TT, Gao F, Fu J and Liu Q: Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 12: 2189-2196, 2015.
APA
Yang, Y., Fan, T., Gao, F., Fu, J., & Liu, Q. (2015). Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 2189-2196. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3629
MLA
Yang, Y., Fan, T., Gao, F., Fu, J., Liu, Q."Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.2 (2015): 2189-2196.
Chicago
Yang, Y., Fan, T., Gao, F., Fu, J., Liu, Q."Exogenous cytochrome c inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in a mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 2 (2015): 2189-2196. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3629
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team