Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells

  • Authors:
    • Wei Ma
    • Xiaobo Zhu
    • Xiaoyan Ding
    • Tao Li
    • Yijun Hu
    • Xuting Hu
    • Lin Yuan
    • Lei Lei
    • Andina Hu
    • Yan Luo
    • Shibo Tang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, Department of Retinal Surgery, The School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China, Department of Opthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5026-5034
    |
    Published online on: July 7, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4055
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the ability of SS31, a novel mitochondria‑targeted peptide to protect against t‑BHP‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in 661W cell lines. The 661W cells were treated with various concentrations of SS‑31 and an MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. The expression of nitrotyrosine and 8‑hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‑OHdG) was detected using immunofluorescent staining. Apoptosis were assessed using Hoechst staining and an annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using MitoSOXTM with confocal microscopy. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition, the release of cytochrome c was analyzed using confocal microscopy. The viability of the cells improved following treatment with SS31 between 100 nM and 1 µM, compared with untreated control group. Compared with the t‑BHP treatment group (20.0±3.8%), the number of annexin V‑positive cells decreased dose‑dependently to 13.6±2.6, 9.8±0.5 and 7.4±2.0% in the SS‑31 treated group at concentrations of 10 nM, 100 nM and 1 µM, respectively. Treatment with SS‑31 significantly prevented the t‑BHP‑induced expression of nitrotyrosine and 8‑OHdG, decreased the quantity of mitochondrial ROS, increased mitochondrial potential, and prevented the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Therefore, the SS31 mitochondria‑targeted peptide protected the 661W cells from the sustained oxidative stress induced by t‑BHP.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Portera-Cailliau C, Sung CH, Nathans J and Adler R: Apoptotic photoreceptor cell death in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:974–978. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Chang GQ, Hao Y and Wong F: Apoptosis: final common pathway of photoreceptor death in rd, rds and rhodopsin mutant mice. Neuron. 11:595–605. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Shen J, Yang X, Dong A, et al: Oxidative damage is a potential cause of cone cell death in retinitis pigmentosa. J Cell Physiol. 203:457–464. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Komeima K, Rogers BS, Lu L and Campochiaro PA: Antioxidants reduce cone cell death in a model of retinitis pigmentosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:11300–11305. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Yu DY, Cringle SJ, Su EN and Yu PK: Intraretinal oxygen levels before and after photoreceptor loss in the RCS rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 41:3999–4006. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Rotstein NP, Politi LE, German OL and Girotti R: Protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of retina photoreceptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 44:2252–2259. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Simon HU, Haj-Yehia A and Levi-Schaffer F: Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis. 5:415–418. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Herrera B, Alvarez AM, Sanchez A, et al: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediates the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor (beta) in fetal hepatocytes. FASEB J. 15:741–751. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Li N, Ragheb K, Lawler G, et al: Mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. J Biol Chem. 278:8516–8525. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Palanivel K, Kanimozhi V, Kadalmani B and Akbarsha MA: Verrucarin A induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated EGFR/MAPK/Akt signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem. 115:2022–2032. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Szeto HH: Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: novel neuroprotective agents. AAPS J. 8:E521–E531. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhao K, Zhao GM, Wu D, et al: Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death and reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem. 279:34682–34690. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wu D, Soong Y, Zhao GM and Szeto HH: A highly potent peptide analgesic that protects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial stunning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 283:H783–H791. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Cho S, Szeto HH, Kim E, Kim H, Tolhurst AT and Pinto JT: A novel cell-permeable antioxidant peptide, SS31, attenuates ischemic brain injury by down-regulating CD36. J Biol Chem. 282:4634–4642. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Calkins MJ, Manczak M, Mao P, Shirendeb U and Reddy PH: Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, defective axonal transport of mitochondria, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet. 20:4515–4529. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Petri S, Kiaei M, Damiano M, et al: Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants as a novel therapeutic approach in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem. 98:1141–1148. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Pellicciari C, Bottone MG and Biggiogera M: Detection of apoptotic cells by annexin V labeling at electron microscopy. Eur J Histochem. 41:211–216. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Chazotte B: Labeling mitochondria with JC-1. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2011:2011.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Soskic V, Groebe K and Schrattenholz A: Nonenzymatic post-translational protein modifications in ageing. Exp Gerontol. 43:247–257. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Schulz JB, Matthews RT, Muqit MM, Browne SE and Beal MF: Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroin-dazole protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. J Neurochem. 64:936–939. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Hartong DT, Berson EL and Dryja TP: Retinitis pigmentosa. Lancet. 368:1795–1809. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Braun RD, Linsenmeier RA and Goldstick TK: Oxygen consumption in the inner and outer retina of the cat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 36:542–554. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Maslim J, Valter K, Egensperger R, Holländer H and Stone J: Tissue oxygen during a critical developmental period controls the death and survival of photoreceptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 38:1667–1677. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sanz MM, Johnson LE, Ahuja S, Ekstrom PA, Romero J and van Veen T: Significant photoreceptor rescue by treatment with a combination of antioxidants in an animal model for retinal degeneration. Neuroscience. 145:1120–1129. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

al-Ubaidi MR, Font RL, Quiambao AB, et al: Bilateral retinal and brain tumors in transgenic mice expressing simian virus 40 large T antigen under control of the human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein promoter. J Cell Biol. 119:1681–1687. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Tan E, Ding XQ, Saadi A, Agarwal N, Naash MI and Al-Ubaidi MR: Expression of cone-photoreceptor-specific antigens in a cell line derived from retinal tumors in transgenic mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 45:764–768. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Sanvicens N and Cotter TG: Ceramide is the key mediator of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in retinal photoreceptor cells. J Neurochem. 98:1432–1444. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Crawford MJ, Krishnamoorthy RR, Rudick VL, et al: Bcl-2 overexpression protects photooxidative stress-induced apoptosis of photoreceptor cells via NF-kappaB preservation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 281:1304–1312. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Li A, Zhu X and Craft CM: Retinoic acid upregulates cone arrestin expression in retinoblastoma cells through a Cis element in the distal promoter region. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 43:1375–1383. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Kyritsis A, Joseph G and Chader GJ: Effects of butyrate, retinol and retinoic acid on human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells growing in monolayer cultures. J Natl Cancer Inst. 73:649–654. 1984.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Nieminen AL, Byrne AM, Herman B and Lemasters JJ: Mitochondrial permeability transition in hepatocytes induced by t-BuOOH: NAD(P)H and reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol. 272:C1286–C1294. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhao K, Luo G, Giannelli S and Szeto HH: Mitochondria-targeted peptide prevents mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in neuronal cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 70:1796–1806. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Chen M, Liu B, Gao Q, Zhuo Y and Ge J: Mitochondria-targeted peptide MTP-131 alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52:7027–7037. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Veldink JH, Kalmijn S, Groeneveld GJ, et al: Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E reduces the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 78:367–371. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Sikorska M, Lanthier P, Miller H, et al: Nanomicellar formulation of coenzyme Q10 (Ubisol-Q10) effectively blocks ongoing neurodegeneration in the mouse 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model: potential use as an adjuvant treatment in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 35:2329–2346. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Maczurek A, Hager K, Kenklies M, et al: Lipoic acid as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 60:1463–1470. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Fielder AR: A randomized trial of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation for retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol. 111:1463Author Reply 1463–1466. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Berson EL, Rosner B, Sandberg MA, et al: Further evaluation of docosahexaenoic acid in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A treatment: subgroup analyses. Arch Ophthalmol. 122:1306–1314. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Miller ER III, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma RA, Appel LJ and Guallar E: Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 142:37–46. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Jauslin ML, Meier T, Smith RA and Murphy MP: Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect Friedreich Ataxia fibroblasts from endogenous oxidative stress more effectively than untargeted antioxidants. FASEB J. 17:1972–1974. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Kelso GF, Porteous CM, Coulter CV, et al: Selective targeting of a redox-active ubiquinone to mitochondria within cells: antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. J Biol Chem. 276:4588–4596. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Beal MF and Matthews RT: Coenzyme Q10 in the central nervous system and its potential usefulness in the treatment of neurode-generative diseases. Mol Aspects Med. 18(Suppl): 169–179. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Li J, Chen X, Xiao W, et al: Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31 attenuates high glucose-induced injury on human retinal endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 404:349–356. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Huang J, Li X, Li M, et al: Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31 protects the retinas of diabetic rats. Curr Mol Med. 13:935–945. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ma W, Zhu X, Ding X, Li T, Hu Y, Hu X, Yuan L, Lei L, Hu A, Luo Y, Luo Y, et al: Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells. Mol Med Rep 12: 5026-5034, 2015.
APA
Ma, W., Zhu, X., Ding, X., Li, T., Hu, Y., Hu, X. ... Tang, S. (2015). Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 5026-5034. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4055
MLA
Ma, W., Zhu, X., Ding, X., Li, T., Hu, Y., Hu, X., Yuan, L., Lei, L., Hu, A., Luo, Y., Tang, S."Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.4 (2015): 5026-5034.
Chicago
Ma, W., Zhu, X., Ding, X., Li, T., Hu, Y., Hu, X., Yuan, L., Lei, L., Hu, A., Luo, Y., Tang, S."Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 4 (2015): 5026-5034. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4055
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ma W, Zhu X, Ding X, Li T, Hu Y, Hu X, Yuan L, Lei L, Hu A, Luo Y, Luo Y, et al: Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells. Mol Med Rep 12: 5026-5034, 2015.
APA
Ma, W., Zhu, X., Ding, X., Li, T., Hu, Y., Hu, X. ... Tang, S. (2015). Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 5026-5034. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4055
MLA
Ma, W., Zhu, X., Ding, X., Li, T., Hu, Y., Hu, X., Yuan, L., Lei, L., Hu, A., Luo, Y., Tang, S."Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.4 (2015): 5026-5034.
Chicago
Ma, W., Zhu, X., Ding, X., Li, T., Hu, Y., Hu, X., Yuan, L., Lei, L., Hu, A., Luo, Y., Tang, S."Protective effects of SS31 on t‑BHP induced oxidative damage in 661W cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 4 (2015): 5026-5034. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4055
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team