Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis

  • Authors:
    • Fan Lian
    • Yu Wang
    • Youjun Xiao
    • Xiwen Wu
    • Hanshi Xu
    • Liuqin Liang
    • Xiuyan Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China, Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5821-5827
    |
    Published online on: July 31, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4159
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with interface hepatitis, the presence of autoantibodies, regulatory T‑cell dysfunction and raised plasma liver enzyme levels. The present study assessed the hepatoprotective and antiapoptotic role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in AIH. a mouse model of AIH was induced by treatment with concanavalin A (ConA). The FXR agonist, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), was administered to mice exhibiting ConA‑induced liver injury and a normal control. Blood samples were obtained to detect the levels of aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines. Liver specimens were collected, and hematoxylin‑eosin staining was used for histopathological examination and detection. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression levels of apoptosis‑associated genes and proteins were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results demonstrated that FXR was downregulated at the mRNA and protein level in the liver specimens of mice induced with ConA‑induced hepatitis. Increased levels of aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, including interferon‑γ, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑4 and IL‑2, were detected in ConA‑treated mice. The mice pretreated with the FXR agonist, CDCA, were more resistant to ConA hepatitis, as indicated by reduced levels of alanine transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase and aminotransferases. The activation of FXR ameliorated hepatocyte apoptosis, as demonstrated by TUNEL analysis and downregulation of the Fas/Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand and caspase‑3. Taken together, FXR activation ameliorated liver injury and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in ConA‑induced hepatitis. FXR, therefore, exerts a protective role against ConA-induced apoptosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Vergani D and Mieli-Vergani G: Aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 14:3306–3312. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lapierre P, Béland K, Yang R and Alvarez F: Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells in an autoimmune hepatitis murine model restores peripheral tolerance. Hepatology. 57:217–227. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Strassburg CP: Autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis. 31:155–163. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Sebode M and Lohse AW: Future perspective: Immunomodulatory therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis. 32:502–506. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Trivedi PJ and Hirschfield GM: Treatment of autoimmune liver disease: Current and future therapeutic options. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 4:119–141. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD, Krawitt EL, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D and Vierling JM: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases: Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 51:2193–2213. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Wang YD, Chen WD, Moore DD and Huang W: FXR: A metabolic regulator and cell protector. Cell Res. 18:1087–1095. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Lee FY, Lee H, Hubbert ML, Edwards PA and Zhang Y: FXR, a multipurpose nuclear receptor. Trends Biochem Sci. 31:572–580. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Donini A, Distrutti E and Santucci L: Targeting farnesoid X receptor for liver and metabolic disorders. Trends Mol Med. 13:298–309. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Renga B, Mencarelli A, Cipriani S, D'Amore C, Carino A, Bruno A, Francisci D, Zampella A, Distrutti E and Fiorucci S: The bile acid sensor FXR is required for immune-regulatory activities of TLR-9 in intestinal inflammation. PloS One. 8:e544722013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

McMahan RH, Wang XX, Cheng LL, Krisko T, Smith M, El Kasmi K, Pruzanski M, Adorini L, Golden-Mason L, Levi M, et al: Bile acid receptor activation modulates hepatic monocyte activity and improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem. 288:11761–11770. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Fiorucci S, Cipriani S, Mencarelli A, Renga B, Distrutti E and Baldelli F: Counter-regulatory role of bile acid activated receptors in immunity and inflammation. Curr Mol Med. 10:579–595. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Vavassori P, Mencarelli A, Renga B, Distrutti E and Fiorucci S: The bile acid receptor FXR is a modulator of intestinal innate immunity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950). 183:6251–6261. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Capello A, Moons LM, Van de Winkel A, Siersema PD, van Dekken H, Kuipers EJ and Kusters JG: Bile acid-stimulated expression of the farnesoid X receptor enhances the immune response in Barrett esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 103:1510–1516. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Tiegs G, Hentschel J and Wendel A: A T cell-dependent experimental liver injury in mice inducible by concanavalin A. J Clin Invest. 90:196–203. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Shao X, Qian Y, Xu C, Hong B, Xu W, Shen L, Jin C, Wu Z, Tong X and Yao H: The protective effect of intrasplenic transplantation of Ad-IL-18BP/IL-4 gene-modified fetal hepatocytes on ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. PloS One. 8:e588362013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Institute for Laboratory Animal Research 1996: Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Washington (DC): National Academies Press, USA; pp. 1–141. 1996

18 

Wang HX, Liu M, Weng SY, Li JJ, Xie C, He HL, Guan W, Yuan YS and Gao J: Immune mechanisms of Concanavalin A model of autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 18:119–125. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Christen U, Holdener M and Hintermann E: Animal models for autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev. 6:306–311. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Li J, Pircher PC, Schulman IG and Westin SK: Regulation of complement C3 expression by the bile acid receptor FXR. J Biol Chem. 280:7427–7434. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Xing X, Burgermeister E, Geisler F, Einwächter H, Fan L, Hiber M, Rauser S, Walch A, Röcken C, Ebeling M, et al: Hematopoietically expressed homeobox is a target gene of farnesoid X receptor in chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver hypertrophy. Hepatology. 49:979–988. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Garrity MM, Burgart LJ, Riehle DL, Hill EM, Sebo TJ and Witzig T: Identifying and quantifying apoptosis: Navigating technical pitfalls. Mod Pathol. 16:389–394. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Verma S, Torbenson M and Thuluvath PJ: The impact of ethnicity on the natural history of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 46:1828–1835. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Verma S, Maheshwari A and Thuluvath P: Liver failure as initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis: Clinical characteristics, predictors of response to steroid therapy, and outcomes. Hepatology. 49:1396–1397. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Gadaleta RM, van Erpecum KJ, Oldenburg B, Willemsen EC, Renooij W, Murzilli S, Klomp LW, Siersema PD, Schipper ME, Danese S, et al: Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits inflammation and preserves the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 60:463–472. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wildenberg ME and van den Brink GR: FXR activation inhibits inflammation and preserves the intestinal barrier in IBD. Gut. 60:432–433. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chen F, Zhu HH, Zhou LF, Li J, Zhao LY, Wu SS, Wang J, Liu W and Chen Z: Genes related to the very early stage of ConA-induced fulminant hepatitis: A gene-chip-based study in a mouse model. BMC Genomics. 11(240)2010. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Zhou Y, Dai W, Lin C, Wang F, He L, Shen M, Chen P, Wang C, Lu J, Xu L, et al: Protective effects of necrostatin-1 against concanavalin A-induced acute hepatic injury in mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2013(706156)2013. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Higashimoto M, Sakai Y, Takamura M, Usui S, Nasti A, Yoshida K, Seki A, Komura T, Honda M, Wada T, et al: Adipose tissue derived stromal stem cell therapy in murine ConA-derived hepatitis is dependent on myeloid-lineage and CD4+ T-cell suppression. Eur J Immunol. 43:2956–2968. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Xu X, Hu Y, Zhai X, Lin M, Chen Z, Tian X, Zhang F, Gao D, Ma X, Lv L, et al: Salvianolic acid A preconditioning confers protection against concanavalin A-induced liver injury through SIRT1-mediated repression of p66shc in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 273:68–76. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Arshad MI, Piquet-Pellorce C, L'Helgoualc'h A, Rauch M, Patrat-Delon S, Ezan F, Lucas-Clerc C, Nabti S, Lehuen A, Cubero FJ, et al: TRAIL but not FasL and TNFα, regulates IL-33 expression in murine hepatocytes during acute hepatitis. Hepatology. 56:2353–2362. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhou YC, Chen S, Cao JJ, Chen SY, Xie YF and Niu QX: Adenovirus-mediated viral interleukin-10 gene transfer prevents concanavalin A-induced liver injury. Dig Liver Dis. 44:398–405. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Godfrey DI, Hammond KJ, Poulton LD, Smyth MJ and Baxter AG: NKT cells: Facts, functions and fallacies. Immunol Today. 21:573–583. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Volarevic V, Mitrovic M, Milovanovic M, Zelen I, Nikolic I, Mitrovic S, Pejnovic N, Arsenijevic N and Lukic ML: Protective role of IL-33/ST2 axis in Con A-induced hepatitis. J Hepatol. 56:26–33. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Küsters S, Tiegs G, Alexopoulou L, et al: In vivo evidence for a functional role of both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and transmembrane TNF in experimental hepatitis. Eur J Immunol. 27:2870–2875. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Sass G, Heinlein S, Agli A, Bang R, Schümann J and Tiegs G: Cytokine expression in three mouse models of experimental hepatitis. Cytokine. 19:115–120. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Takahashi K, Murakami M, Kikuchi H, Oshima Y and Kubohara Y: Derivatives of Dictyostelium differentiation-inducing factors promote mitogen-activated IL-2 production via AP-1 in Jurkat cells. Life Sci. 88:480–485. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Miller ML, Sun Y and Fu YX: Cutting edge: B and T lymphocyte attenuator signaling on NKT cells inhibits cytokine release and tissue injury in early immune responses. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950). 183:32–36. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Kahraman A, Gerken G and Canbay A: Apoptosis in immune-mediated liver diseases. Dig Dis. 28:144–149. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Zhang Y, Shan L, Hua Y, Wang D, Zeng H, Liu R, Zhang W and Hu Z: Baicalein selectively induces apoptosis in activated lymphocytes and ameliorates concanavalin a-induced hepatitis in mice. PloS One. 8:e695922013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Leist M, Gantner F, Bohlinger I, Tiegs G, Germann PG and Wendel A: Tumor necrosis factor-induced hepatocyte apoptosis precedes liver failure in experimental murine shock models. Am J Pathol. 146:1220–1234. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Stassi G, Di Felice V, Todaro M, Cappello F, Zummo G, Farina F, Trucco M and De Maria R: Involvement of Fas/FasL system in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and Wilson's disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 47:129–133. 1999.

43 

Peppa D, Micco L, Javaid A, Kennedy PT, Schurich A, Dunn C, Pallant C, Ellis G, Khanna P, Dusheiko G, et al: Blockade of immunosuppressive cytokines restores NK cell antiviral function in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS Pathog. 6:e10012272010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Beraza N, Malato Y, Sander LE, Al-Masaoudi M, Freimuth J, Riethmacher D, Gores GJ, Roskams T, Liedtke C and Trautwein C: Hepatocyte-specific NEMO deletion promotes NK/NKT cell- and TRAIL-dependent liver damage. J Exp Med. 206:1727–1737. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Gao D, Xu Z, Qiao P, Liu S, Zhang L, He P, Zhang X, Wang and Min W: Cadmium induces liver cell apoptosis through caspase-3A activation in purse red common carp (Cyprinus carpio). PloS One. 8:e834232013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lian F, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wu X, Xu H, Liang L and Yang X: Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis. Mol Med Rep 12: 5821-5827, 2015.
APA
Lian, F., Wang, Y., Xiao, Y., Wu, X., Xu, H., Liang, L., & Yang, X. (2015). Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 5821-5827. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4159
MLA
Lian, F., Wang, Y., Xiao, Y., Wu, X., Xu, H., Liang, L., Yang, X."Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.4 (2015): 5821-5827.
Chicago
Lian, F., Wang, Y., Xiao, Y., Wu, X., Xu, H., Liang, L., Yang, X."Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 4 (2015): 5821-5827. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4159
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lian F, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wu X, Xu H, Liang L and Yang X: Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis. Mol Med Rep 12: 5821-5827, 2015.
APA
Lian, F., Wang, Y., Xiao, Y., Wu, X., Xu, H., Liang, L., & Yang, X. (2015). Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 5821-5827. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4159
MLA
Lian, F., Wang, Y., Xiao, Y., Wu, X., Xu, H., Liang, L., Yang, X."Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.4 (2015): 5821-5827.
Chicago
Lian, F., Wang, Y., Xiao, Y., Wu, X., Xu, H., Liang, L., Yang, X."Activated farnesoid X receptor attenuates apoptosis and liver injury in autoimmune hepatitis". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 4 (2015): 5821-5827. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4159
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team