Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 12 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury

  • Authors:
    • Cheng‑Hsun Yang
    • Wei‑Jen Ting
    • Chia‑Yao Shen
    • His‑Hsien Hsu
    • Yueh‑Min Lin
    • Sheng-Huang Chang
    • Fuu‑Jen Tsai
    • Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
    • Chih‑Yang Huang
    • Yuhsin Tsai
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan, R.O.C., Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Laboratory, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou 54249, Taiwan, R.O.C., School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
  • Pages: 6053-6059
    |
    Published online on: August 6, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4190
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

At present, cirrhosis is an incurable liver disease. Transforming growth factor β (TGF‑β) is important in myofibroblast induction during the cirrhosis initiation process. The current approach in the development of hepatoprotective drugs depends on TGF‑β inhibition. San Huang Shel Shin Tang (SHSST) is a traditional herbal decoction able to exert a protective effect on the liver, however, similar to silymarin, it is limited by its hydrophobicity. In the present study, SHSST was modified with β‑cyclodextrin to form a hydrophilic complex, which improved its bioavailability. In the carbon tetrachloride‑induced acute injury animal model, the effects of pretreatment with silymarin, baicalein, SHSST and the SHSST‑β‑CD‑complex (SHSSTc) at a low and high dose were assessed. The biopsy results revealed marked liver protection following treatment with silymarin, baicalein and SHSST and these effects were improved further following pretreatment with SHSSTc. Protein analysis demonstrated that the hepatoprotective effects of silymarin occurred through inhibition of the TGF‑β/Smad‑3/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling pathway. SHSSTc exerted the same protective mechanism, however, SHSSTc suppressed CTGF level to a greater extent compared with the groups treated with SHSST or silymarin. Only pretreatment with SHSST and SHSSTc exhibited partial enhancement in the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of liver regeneration, including extracellular‑signal‑regulated kinase 5, phospho‑nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 and phospho‑GATA4.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Loguercio C and Fredico A: Oxidative stress in viral and alcoholic hepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med. 34:1–10. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Vitaglione P, Morisco F, Caporaso N and Fogliano V: Dietary antioxidant compounds and liver health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 44:575–586. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Diehl AM: Cytokine regulation of liver injury and repair. Immunol Rev. 174:160–171. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Marra F, Valente AJ, Pinzani M and Abboud HE: Cultured human liver fat-storing cells produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Regulation by proinflammatory cytokines. J Clin Invest. 92:1674–1680. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Basu S: Carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation: eicosanoid formation and their regulation by antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology. 189:113–127. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Zira A, Kostidis S, Theocharis S, Sigala F, Engelsen SB, Andreadou I and Mikros E: 1H NMR-based metabonomics approach in a rat model of acute liver injury and regeneration induced by CCl4 administration. Toxicology. 303:115–124. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Ramadori G and Armbrust T: Cytokines in the liver. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 13:777–784. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kugelmas M, Hill DB, Vivian B, et al: Cytokines and NASH: a pilot study of the effects of lifestyle modification and vitamin E. Hepatology. 38:413–419. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Diehl AM, Goodman Z and Ishak KG: Alcohollike liver disease in nonalcoholics. A clinical and histologic comparison with alcohol-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology. 95:1056–1062. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ramadori G, Rieder H and Knittel T: Biology and pathobiology of sinusoidal liver cells. Hepatic Transport and Bile Secretion. Tavoloni N and Berk PD: Raven Press; New York, NY: pp. 83–102. 1993

11 

Leask A: Focal adhesion kinase: a key mediator of transforming growth factor beta signaling in fibroblasts. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2:247–249. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Attama AA, Nzekwe IT, Nnamani PO, Adikwu MU and Onugu CO: The use of solid self-emulsifying systems in the delivery of diclofenac. Int J Pharm. 262:23–28. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Parveen R, Baboota S, Ali J, Ahuja A, Vasudev SS and Ahmad S: Effects of silymarin nanoemulsion against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage. Arch Pharm Res. 34:767–774. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wang JB, Zhao HP, Zhao YL, Jin C, Liu DJ, Kong WJ, Fang F, Zhang L, Wang HJ and Xiao XH: Hepatotoxicity or hepatoprotection? Pattern recognition for the paradoxical effect of the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L in treating rat liver injury. PLoS One. 6:e244982011. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Fang F, Wang JB, Zhao YL, Jin C, Kong WJ, Zhao HP, Wang HJ and Xiao XH: A comparative study on the tissue distributions of rhubarb anthraquinones in normal and CCl4-injured rats orally administered rhubarb extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 137:1492–1497. 2011.

16 

Chien CF, Wu YT and Tsai TH: Biological analysis of herbal medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases. Biomed Chromatogr. 25:21–38. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Nan JX, Park EJ, Kim YC, Ko G and Sohn DH: Scutellaria baicalensis inhibits liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 54:555–563. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ye X, Feng Y, Tong Y, Ng KM, Tsao S, Lau GK, Sze C, Zhang Y, Tang J, Shen J and Kobayashi S: Hepatoprotective effects of Coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver hepatotoxicity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 124:130–136. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Püssa T, Raudsepp P, Kuzina K and Raal A: Polyphenolic composition of roots and petioles of Rheum rhaponticum L. Phytochem Anal. 20:98–103. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Wang CZ, Calway TD, Wen XD, Smith J, Yu C, Wang Y, Mehendale SR and Yuan CS: Hydrophobic flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis induce colorectal cancer cell apoptosis through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway. Int J Oncol. 42:1018–1026. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Liu L and Chen Z: Analysis of four alkaloids of Coptis chinensis in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta. 737:99–104. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hsu SC, Lin JH, Weng SW, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Lu KW, Wood WG and Chung JG: Crude extract of Rheum palmatum inhibits migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells by suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. Biomedicine. 3:120–129. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Hsu SC and Chung JG: Anticancer potential of emodin. Biomedicine. 2:108–116. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Madaus R, Halbach G and Trost W: Salt of silymarin group with aminopolyhydroxy alcohols. US Patent 3994925A. Filed January 21, 1974; issued November 30, 1976.

25 

Comoglio A, Tomasi A, Malandrino S, Poli G and Albano E: Scavenging effect of silipide, a new silybin-phospholipid complex, on ethanol-derived free radicals. Biochem Pharmacol. 50:1313–1316. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Giacomelli S, Gallo D, Apollonio P, Ferlini C, Distefano M, Morazzoni P, Riva A, Bombardelli E, Mancuso S and Scambia G: Silybin and its bioavailable phospholipids complex (IdB 1016) potentiate in vitro and in vivo the activity of cisplatin. Life Sci. 70:1447–1459. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Tsai YS, Tsai HH, Wu CP and Tsai FJ: Preparation, characterisation and activity of the inclusion complex of paeonol with β-cyclodextrin. Food Chem. 120:837–841. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Yuan C, Jin Z, Xu X, Zhuang H and Shen W: Preparation and stability of the inclusion complex of astaxanthin with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Food Chem. 109:264–268. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Vyas A and Saraf S and Saraf S: Cyclodextrin based novel drug delivery systems. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem. 62:23–42. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Kim JH, Qu A, Reddy JK, Gao B and Gonzalez FJ: Hepatic oxidative stress activates the Gadd45b gene via degradation of the transcriptional repressor STAT3. Hepatology. 59:695–704. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

31 

Li Z, Cheng Z, Wang G, Hao X, Zhang L and Xu C: 6 Paths of ERK5 signaling pathway regulate hepatocyte proliferation in rat liver regeneration. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 49:165–172. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Pierre KB, Jones CM, Pierce JM, Nicoud IB, Earl TM and Chari RS: NFAT4 deficiency results in incomplete liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. J Surg Res. 154:226–233. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

33 

Ray S, Ju X, Sun H, Finnerty CC, Herndon DN and Brasier AR: The IL-6 trans-signaling-STAT3 pathway mediates ECM and cellular proliferation in fibroblasts from hypertrophic scar. J Invest Dermatol. 133:1212–1220. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Giese B, Au-Yeung CK, Herrmann A, Diefenbach S, Haan C, Küster A, Wortmann SB, Roderburg C, Heinrich PC, Behrmann I and Müller-Newen G: Long term association of the cytokine receptor gp130 and the Janus kinase Jak1 revealed by FRAP analysis. J Biol Chem. 278:39205–39213. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Gressner AM, Weiskirchen R, Breitkopf K and Dooley S: Roles of TGF-β in hepatic fibrosis. Front Biosci. 7:d793–d807. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Bauer S, Eisinger K, Wiest R, Karrasch T, Scherer MN, Farkas S, Aslanidis C and Buechler C: Connective tissue growth factor level is increased in patients with liver cirrhosis but is not associated with complications or extent of liver injury. Regul Pept. 179:10–14. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Jeong DH, Lee GP, Jeong WI, Do SH, Yang HJ, Yuan DW, Park HY, Kim KJ and Jeong KS: Alterations of mast cells and TGF-β1 on the silymarin treatment for CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 11:1141–1148. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Marchetti A, Colletti M, Cozzolino AM, Steindler C, Lunadei M, Mancone C and Tripodi M: ERK5/MAPK is activated by TGFβ in hepatocytes and required for the GSK-3β-mediated Snail protein stabilization. Cell Signal. 20:2113–2118. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Rovida E, Navari N, Caligiuri A, Dello Sbarba P and Marra F: ERK5 differentially regulates PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol. 48:107–115. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Watt AJ, Zhao R, Li J and Duncan SA: Development of the mammalian liver and ventral pancreas is dependent on GATA4. BMC Dev Biol. 7:372007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang CH, Ting WJ, Shen CY, Hsu HH, Lin YM, Chang S, Tsai FJ, Padma VV, Huang CY, Tsai Y, Tsai Y, et al: SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury. Mol Med Rep 12: 6053-6059, 2015.
APA
Yang, C., Ting, W., Shen, C., Hsu, H., Lin, Y., Chang, S. ... Tsai, Y. (2015). SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 6053-6059. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4190
MLA
Yang, C., Ting, W., Shen, C., Hsu, H., Lin, Y., Chang, S., Tsai, F., Padma, V. V., Huang, C., Tsai, Y."SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.4 (2015): 6053-6059.
Chicago
Yang, C., Ting, W., Shen, C., Hsu, H., Lin, Y., Chang, S., Tsai, F., Padma, V. V., Huang, C., Tsai, Y."SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 4 (2015): 6053-6059. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4190
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang CH, Ting WJ, Shen CY, Hsu HH, Lin YM, Chang S, Tsai FJ, Padma VV, Huang CY, Tsai Y, Tsai Y, et al: SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury. Mol Med Rep 12: 6053-6059, 2015.
APA
Yang, C., Ting, W., Shen, C., Hsu, H., Lin, Y., Chang, S. ... Tsai, Y. (2015). SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 6053-6059. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4190
MLA
Yang, C., Ting, W., Shen, C., Hsu, H., Lin, Y., Chang, S., Tsai, F., Padma, V. V., Huang, C., Tsai, Y."SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.4 (2015): 6053-6059.
Chicago
Yang, C., Ting, W., Shen, C., Hsu, H., Lin, Y., Chang, S., Tsai, F., Padma, V. V., Huang, C., Tsai, Y."SHSST‑cyclodextrin complex inhibits TGF‑β/Smad3/CTGF to a greater extent than silymarin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver injury". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 4 (2015): 6053-6059. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4190
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team