Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2016 Volume 13 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2016 Volume 13 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Luis A. Osorio
    • Nancy M. Farfán
    • Enrique A. Castellón
    • Héctor R. Contreras
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
    Copyright: © Osorio et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 778-786
    |
    Published online on: November 19, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4585
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) are increasing, and PCa is almost the second‑leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality in men. During tumor progression, epithelial cells decrease the number of adhesion molecules, change their polarity and position, rearrange their cytoskeleton and increase their migratory and invasive capacities. These changes are known under the concept of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is characterized by an upregulation of certain transcription factors, including SNAIL1, which represses genes that are characteristic of an epithelial phenotype, including E‑cadherin, and indirectly increase the expression levels of genes, which are associated with the mesenchymal phenotype. It has been suggested that the transcription factor, SNAIL1, decreases the proliferation and increases the migratory and invasive capacities of PCa cell lines. The present study was performed using LNCaP and PC3 cell lines, in which the expression levels of SNAIL1 were increased or silenced through the use of lentiviral vectors. The expression levels of EMT markers were quantified using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. In addition, cell survival was analyzed using an MTS assay; cell proliferation was examined using an antibody targeting Ki‑67; migration on plates with 8 µm pores to allow the passage of cells; and invasiveness was analyzed using a membrane chamber covered in dried basement membrane matrix solution. The levels of apoptosis were determined using a Caspase 3/7 assay containing a substrate modified by caspases 3 and 7. The results demonstrated that the overexpression and silencing of SNAIL1 decreased cell proliferation and survival. However, the overexpression of SNAIL1 decreased apoptosis, compared with cells with the SNAIL1‑silenced cells, in which cell apoptosis increased. The migration and invasive capacities increased in the cells overexpressing SNAIL1, and decreased when SNAIL1 was silenced. In conclusion, PCa cells overexpressing SNAIL1 exhibited characteristics of an EMT phenotype, whereas the silencing of the SNAIL1 transcriptional repressor promoted an epithelial‑like phenotype, with decreased migration and invasion, characteristic of mesenchymal cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Shen MM and Abate-Shen C: Molecular genetics of prostate cancer: New prospects for old challenges. Genes Dev. 24:1967–2000. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

De Marzo AM, Platz EA, Sutcliffe S, Xu J, Grönberg H, Drake CG, Nakai Y, Isaacs WB and Nelson WG: Inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer. 7:256–269. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

De Marzo AM, Nelson WG, Isaacs WB and Epstein JI: Pathological and molecular aspects of prostate cancer. Lancet. 361:955–964. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Kalluri R and Weinberg RA: The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest. 119:1420–1428. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nauseef JT and Henry MD: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer: Paradigm or puzzle? Nat Rev Urol. 8:428–439. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Gavert N and Ben-Ze'ev A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the invasive potential of tumors. Trends Mol Med. 14:199–209. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Thiery JP: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:442–454. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY and Nieto MA: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell. 139:871–90. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tse JC and Kalluri R: Mechanisms of metastasis: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and contribution of tumor microenvironment. J Cell Biochem. 101:816–829. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Armstrong AJ, Marengo MS, Oltean S, Kemeny G, Bitting RL, Turnbull JD, Herold CI, Marcom PK, George DJ and Garcia-Blanco MA: Circulating tumor cells from patients with advanced prostate and breast cancer display both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Mol Cancer Res. 9:997–1007. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Chao Y, Wu Q, Acquafondata M, Dhir R and Wells A: Partial mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition in breast and prostate cancer metastases. Cancer Microenviron. 5:19–28. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

12 

Dhanasekaran SM, Barrette TR, Ghosh D, Shah R, Varambally S, Kurachi K, Pienta KJ, Rubin MA and Chinnaiyan AM: Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cáncer. Nature. 412:822–826. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Beach S, Tang H, Park S, Dhillon AS, Keller ET, Kolch W and Yeung KC: Snail is a repressor of RKIP transcription in metastatic prostate cancer cells. Oncogene. 27:2243–2248. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Odero-Marah VA, Wang R, Chu G, Zayzafoon M, Xu J, Shi C, Marshall FF, Zhau HE and Chung LW: Receptor activator of NF-kappaB Ligand (RANKL) expression is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer cells. Cell Res. 18:858–870. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Heebøll S, Borre M, Ottosen PD, Dyrskjøt L, Orntoft TF and Tørring N: Snail1 is over-expressed in prostate cancer. APMIS. 117:196–204. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Neal CL, Henderson V, Smith BN, McKeithen D, Graham T, Vo BT and Odero-Marah VA: Snail transcription factor negatively regulates maspin tumor suppressor in human prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer. 12:3362012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Poblete CE, Fulla J, Gallardo M, Muñoz V, Castellón EA, Gallegos I and Contreras HR: Increased SNAIL expression and low syndecan levels are associated with high Gleason grade in prostate cancer. Int J Oncol. 44:647–654. 2012.

18 

Liu J, Uygur B, Zhang Z, Shao L, Romero D, Vary C, Ding Q and Wu WS: Slug inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells via downregulation of cyclin D1 expression. Prostate. 70:1768–1777. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCt method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Li H, Li M, Xu D, Zhao C, Liu G and Wang F: Overexpression of Snail in retinal pigment epithelial triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 446:347–351. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Olmeda D, Jordá M, Peinado H, Fabra A and Cano A: Snail silencing effectively suppresses tumour growth and invasiveness. Oncogene. 26:1862–1874. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Díaz-López A, Díaz-Martinez A, Moreno-Bueno G, Cuevas EP, Santos V, Olmeda D, Portillo F, Palacios J and Cano A: Zeb1 and Snail1 engage miR-200f transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during EMT. Int J Cancer. 136:E62–E73. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Cano A, Pérez-Moreno MA, Rodrigo I, Locascio A, Blanco MJ, del Barrio MG, Portillo F and Nieto MA: The transcription factor snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression. Nat Cell Biol. 2:76–83. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Zeisberg M and Neilson EG: Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. J Clin Invest. 119:1429–1437. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Neal CL, McKeithen D and Odero-Marah VA: Snail negatively regulates cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and integrin expression via the MAPK pathway in prostate cancer cells. Cell Adh Migr. 5:249–257. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Vega S, Morales AV, Ocaña OH, Valdés F, Fabregat I and Nieto MA: Snail blocks the cell cycle and confers resistance to cell death. Genes Dev. 18:1131–1143. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kajita M, McClinic KN and Wade PA: Aberrant expression of the transcription factors snail and slug alters the response to genotoxic stress. Mol Cell Biol. 24:7559–7566. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Haraguchi M, Indo HP, Iwasaki Y, Iwashita Y, Fukushige T, Majima HJ, Izumo K, Horiuchi M, Kanekura T, Furukawa T and Ozawa M: Snail modulates cell metabolism in MDCK cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 432:618–625. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Osorio LA, Farfán NM, Castellón EA and Contreras HR: SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 13: 778-786, 2016.
APA
Osorio, L.A., Farfán, N.M., Castellón, E.A., & Contreras, H.R. (2016). SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 778-786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4585
MLA
Osorio, L. A., Farfán, N. M., Castellón, E. A., Contreras, H. R."SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 13.1 (2016): 778-786.
Chicago
Osorio, L. A., Farfán, N. M., Castellón, E. A., Contreras, H. R."SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 13, no. 1 (2016): 778-786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4585
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Osorio LA, Farfán NM, Castellón EA and Contreras HR: SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 13: 778-786, 2016.
APA
Osorio, L.A., Farfán, N.M., Castellón, E.A., & Contreras, H.R. (2016). SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 778-786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4585
MLA
Osorio, L. A., Farfán, N. M., Castellón, E. A., Contreras, H. R."SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 13.1 (2016): 778-786.
Chicago
Osorio, L. A., Farfán, N. M., Castellón, E. A., Contreras, H. R."SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 13, no. 1 (2016): 778-786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4585
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team