Orally administered betaine reduces photodamage caused by UVB irradiation through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in hairless mice

Im,A‑Rang; Lee,Hee Jeong; Youn,Ui Joung; Hyun,Jin Won; Chae,Sungwook

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4613

January-2016 Volume 13 Issue 1

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January-2016 Volume 13 Issue 1

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Article

Orally administered betaine reduces photodamage caused by UVB irradiation through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in hairless mice

Authors:
- A‑Rang Im
- Hee Jeong Lee
- Ui Joung Youn
- Jin Won Hyun
- Sungwook Chae
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: KM‑Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305‑811, Republic of Korea, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA, School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690‑756, Republic of Korea
Pages: 823-828
|
Published online on: November 24, 2015

https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4613
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Abstract

Betaine is widely distributed in plants, microorganisms, in several types of food and in medical herbs, including Lycium chinense. The administration of 100 mg betaine/kg body weight/day is an effective strategy for preventing ultraviolet irradiation‑induced skin damage. The present study aimed to determine the preventive effects of betaine on ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation‑induced skin damage in hairless mice. The mice were divided into three groups: Control (n=5), UVB‑treated vehicle (n=5) and UVB‑treated betaine (n=5) groups. The level of irradiation was progressively increased between 60 mJ/cm2 per exposure at week 1 (one minimal erythematous dose = 60 mJ/cm2) and 90 mJ/cm2 per exposure at week 7. The formation of wrinkles significantly increased following UVB exposure in the UVB‑treated vehicle group. However, treatment with betaine suppressed UVB‑induced wrinkle formation, as determined by the mean length, mean depth, number, epidermal thickness and collagen damage. Furthermore, oral administration of betaine also inhibited the UVB‑induced expression of mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), and matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9). These findings suggested that betaine inhibits UVB‑induced skin damage by suppressing increased expression of MMP‑9 through the inhibition of MEK and ERK.

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