Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
March-2016 Volume 13 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2016 Volume 13 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages

  • Authors:
    • Young‑Chang Cho
    • Sayeon Cho
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 156‑756, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 2293-2300
    |
    Published online on: January 18, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.4791
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Garcinia plants have been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as skin infections and pain, in many regions including South‑East Asia. Garcinia subelliptica, a plant of the Garcinia species widely distributed from Japan to Thailand, has been reported to contain components similar to other Garcinia plants that exhibit anti‑inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to explore the anti‑inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of Garcinia subelliptica (EGS) in macrophages, as there are no previous systemic studies that have investigated the effects of Garcinia subelliptica on inflammation. Non‑cytotoxic concentrations of EGS (≤200 µg/ml) were observed to reduce nitric oxide production by modulating iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The expression of cyclooxygenase‑2, the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandin E2, was notably reduced by EGS. EGS treatment inhibited the production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including IL‑6 and IL‑1β, however, not TNF‑α. Reduced production of inflammatory mediators by EGS was followed by reduced phosphorylation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) however, not of other mitogen‑activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‑κB. These results indicate that EGS selectively inhibits the excessive production of inflammatory mediators in LPS‑stimulated murine macrophages by reducing the activation of JNK, suggesting that EGS is a candidate for modulating severe inflammation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Boscá L, Zeini M, Través PG and Hortelano S: Nitric oxide and cell viability in inflammatory cells: A role for NO in macrophage function and fate. Toxicology. 208:249–258. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Fujihara M, Muroi M, Tanamoto K, Suzuki T, Azuma H and Ikeda H: Molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation by lipopolysaccharide: Roles of the receptor complex. Pharmacol Ther. 100:171–194. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Fujiwara N and Kobayashi K: Macrophages in inflammation. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 4:281–286. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

MacMicking J, Xie QW and Nathan C: Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu Rev Immunol. 15:323–350. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Jones BW, Heldwein KA, Means TK, Saukkonen JJ and Fenton MJ: Differential roles of toll-like receptors in the elicitation of proinflammatory responses by macrophages. Ann Rheum Dis. 60(Suppl 3): iii6–iii12. 2001.

6 

Jones BW, Means TK, Heldwein KA, Keen MA, Hill PJ, Belisle JT and Fenton MJ: Different toll-like receptor agonists induce distinct macrophage responses. J Leukoc Biol. 69:1036–1044. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Rhee SH and Hwang D: Murine TOLL-like receptor 4 confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness as determined by activation of NF kappa B and expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. J Biol Chem. 275:34035–34040. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Schroder K, Sweet MJ and Hume DA: Signal integration between IFNgamma and TLR signalling pathways in macrophages. Immunobiology. 211:511–524. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Stalińska K, Guzdek A, Rokicki M and Koj A: Transcription factors as targets of the anti-inflammatory treatment. A cell culture study with extracts from some mediterranean diet plants. J Physiol Pharmacol. 56(Suppl 1): S157–S169. 2005.

10 

Szabó C and Thiemermann C: Regulation of the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase. Adv Pharmacol. 34:113–153. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Clancy RM, Amin AR and Abramson SB: The role of nitric oxide in inflammation and immunity. Arthritis Rheumatol. 41:1141–1151. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Guadagni F, Ferroni P, Palmirotta R, Portarena I, Formica V and Roselli M: Review. TNF/VEGF cross-talk in chronic inflammation-related cancer initiation and progression: An early target in anticancer therapeutic strategy. In Vivo. 21:147–161. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kröncke KD, Fehsel K and Kolb-Bachofen V: Inducible nitric oxide synthase in human diseases. Clin Exp Immunol. 113:147–156. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Nathan C and Xie QW: Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls and controls. Cell. 78:915–918. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Nathan C and Xie QW: Regulation of biosynthesis of nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 269:13725–13728. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Nishimoto N and Kishimoto T: Interleukin 6: From bench to bedside. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2:619–626. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Calixto JB: Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Braz J Med Biol Res. 33:179–189. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Wutthithamavet W: Thai traditional medicine. revised edition. Odean Store Press; Bangkok: 1997

19 

Tewtrakul S, Wattanapiromsakul C and Mahabusarakam W: Effects of compounds from Garcinia mangostana on inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 121:379–382. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Cui J, Hu W, Cai Z, Liu Y, Li S, Tao W and Xiang H: New medicinal properties of mangostins: Analgesic activity and pharmacological characterization of active ingredients from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana L. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 95:166–172. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Duke JA: Handbook of medical herbs. Library of congress; New York: 1985

22 

Evan WC: Trease and Evans pharmacognosy. Saunders Company Limited; Nottingham: 1996

23 

Panthong A, Norkaew P, Kanjanapothi D, Taesotikul T, Anantachoke N and Reutrakul V: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of the extract of gamboge from Garcinia hanburyi Hook f. J Ethnopharmacol. 111:335–340. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Guimarães CL, Otuki MF, Beirith A and Cabrini DA: A review on the therapeutic potential of Garcinia gardneriana. Dynamis. 12:6–12. 2004.In Portuguese.

25 

Castardo JC, Prudente AS, Ferreira J, Guimarães CL, Monache FD, Filho VC, Otuki MF and Cabrini DA: Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema. J Ethnopharmacol. 118:405–411. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ayepola OR, Chegou NN, Brooks NL and Oguntibeju OO: Kolaviron, a Garcinia biflavonoid complex ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated hepatic injury in rats via suppression of inflammatory responses. BMC Complement Altern Med. 13:3632013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Ajayi BO, Ayepola OR and Egbeme EE: Kolaviron, a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phyto-chemical prevents dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 113:49–55. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Li F, Shanmugam MK, Chen L, Chatterjee S, Basha J, Kumar AP, Kundu TK and Sethi G: Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone modulates multiple proinflammatory signaling cascades leading to the suppression of growth and survival of head and neck carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 6:843–854. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Tsai ML, Chiou YS, Chiou LY, Ho CT and Pan MH: Garcinol suppresses inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 58:1820–1829. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Minami H, Takahashi E, Fukuyama Y, Kodama M, Yoshizawa T and Nakagawa K: Novel xanthones with superoxide scavenging activity from Garcinia subelliptica. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 43:347–349. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Minami H, Hamaguchi K, Kubo M and Fukuyama Y: A benzophenone and a xanthone from Garcinia subelliptica. Phytochemistry. 49:1783–1785. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Ito T, Yokota R, Watarai T, Mori K, Oyama M, Nagasawa H, Matsuda H and Iinuma M: Isolation of six isoprenylated biflavonoids from the leaves of Garcinia subelliptica. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 61:551–558. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Weng JR, Tsao LT, Wang JP, Wu RR and Lin CN: Anti-inflammatory phloroglucinols and terpenoids from Garcinia subelliptica. J Nat Prod. 67:1796–1799. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Weng JR, Lin CN, Tsao LT and Wang JP: Terpenoids with a new skeleton and novel triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory effects from Garcinia subelliptica. Chemistry. 9:5520–5527. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Weng JR, Lin CN, Tsao LT and Wang JP: Novel and anti-inflammatory constituents of Garcinia subelliptica. Chemistry. 9:1958–1963. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCt method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Koressaar T and Remm M: Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3. Bioinformatics. 23:1289–91. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Samavati L, Rastogi R, Du W, Hüttemann M, Fite A and Franchi L: STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for interleukin 1 beta and interleukin-6 production in response to lipopolysaccharide and live bacteria. Mol Immunol. 46:1867–1877. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhu ZG, Jin H, Yu PJ, Tian YX, Zhang JJ and Wu SG: Mollugin Inhibits the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by blocking the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway. Biol Pharm Bull. 36:399–406. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Lee C, Lim HK, Sakong J, Lee YS, Kim JR and Baek SH: Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription mediates phosphatidic acid-induced interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 production. Mol Pharmacol. 69:1041–1047. 2006.

41 

Cario E, Rosenberg IM, Brandwein SL, Beck PL, Reinecker HC and Podolsky DK: Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing toll-like receptors. J Immunol. 164:966–972. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Burk DR, Senechal-Willis P, Lopez LC, Hogue BG and Daskalova SM: Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages by aqueous extract of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 126:397–405. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Liu H, Bargouti M, Zughaier S, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Sangadala S, Boden SD and Titus L: Osteoinductive LIM mineralization protein-1 suppresses activation of NF-kappaB and selectively regulates MAPK pathways in pre-osteoclasts. Bone. 46:1328–1335. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar :

44 

Shan J, Fu J, Zhao Z, Kong X, Huang H, Luo L and Yin Z: Chlorogenic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells through suppressing NF-kappaB and JNK/AP-1 activation. Int Immunopharmacol. 9:1042–1048. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Watters JJ, Sommer JA, Pfeiffer ZA, Prabhu U, Guerra AN and Bertics PJ: A differential role for the mitogen-activated protein kinases in lipopolysaccharide signaling: The MEK/ERK pathway is not essential for nitric oxide and interleukin 1beta production. J Biol Chem. 277:9077–9087. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Caivano M: Role of MAP kinase cascades in inducing arginine transporters and nitric oxide synthetase in RAW264 macrophages. FEBS Lett. 429:249–253. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Paul A, Cuenda A, Bryant CE, Murray J, Chilvers ER, Cohen P, Gould GW and Plevin R: Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase homologues in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 but not nitric oxide synthase in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell Signal. 11:491–497. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cho YC and Cho S: c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages. Mol Med Rep 13: 2293-2300, 2016.
APA
Cho, Y., & Cho, S. (2016). c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 2293-2300. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.4791
MLA
Cho, Y., Cho, S."c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 13.3 (2016): 2293-2300.
Chicago
Cho, Y., Cho, S."c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 13, no. 3 (2016): 2293-2300. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.4791
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cho YC and Cho S: c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages. Mol Med Rep 13: 2293-2300, 2016.
APA
Cho, Y., & Cho, S. (2016). c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 2293-2300. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.4791
MLA
Cho, Y., Cho, S."c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 13.3 (2016): 2293-2300.
Chicago
Cho, Y., Cho, S."c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase‑mediated anti‑inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages". Molecular Medicine Reports 13, no. 3 (2016): 2293-2300. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.4791
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team