Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
June-2016 Volume 13 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2016 Volume 13 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells

Retraction in: /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258
  • Authors:
    • Yi‑Xiang Liao
    • Jin‑Min Zeng
    • Jia‑Jie Zhou
    • Guang‑Hua Yang
    • Kun Ding
    • Xian‑Jue Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
  • Pages: 4872-4878
    |
    Published online on: April 14, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5127
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Human bladder cancer is the most common urological malignancy in China. One of the causes of carcinogenesis in the cancer may be gene mutation. Therefore, the present study investigated the expression levels of Rhotekin 2 (RTKN2), a Rho effector protein, in human bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, and examined the effect of RTKN2 on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and invasion of human bladder cancer cell lines. The mRNA expression levels of RTKN2 in 30 human bladder cancer tissue samples were significantly higher, compared with those in 30 normal human bladder tissue samples. The protein expression levels of RTKN2 was markedly higher in T24 and 5637 cells, compared with those in four other human bladder cancer cell lines. The silencing of RTKN2 by small interfering (si)RNA inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase, via reducing the expression levels of the MCM10, CDK2, CDC24A and CDC6 cell cycle‑associated proteins in the T24 and 5637 cells. Furthermore, RTKN2 knockdown in the cells led to cell apoptosis and the suppression of invasion. These results suggested that RTKN2 is involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of human bladder cancer, indicating that RTKN2 may be a molecular target in cancer therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Hirata T, Watanabe M, Kaku H, Kobayashi Y, Yamada H, Sakaguchi M, Takei K, Huh NH, Nasu Y and Kumon H: REIC/Dkk-3-encoding adenoviral vector as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for bladder cancer. Int J Oncol. 41:559–564. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Collier FM, Baker AJ, Walder K, Stupka N, Martin SD and Kirkland MA: A Rho-GTPase effector, Rhotekin-2 (RTKN2) is associated with BMP8b and IL-16 cytokine expression and increased sensitivity to apoptosis in lymphocytes. Blood. 110:22932007.

4 

Collier FM, Gregorio-King CC, Gough TJ, Talbot CD, Walder K and Kirkland MA: Identification and characterization of a lymphocytic Rho-GTPase effector: Rhotekin-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 324:1360–1369. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Collier FM, Loving A, Baker AJ, McLeod J, Walder K and Kirkland MA: RTKN2 induces NF-KappaB dependent resistance to intrinsic apoptosis in HEK cells and regulates BCL-2 genes in human CD4(+) lymphocytes. J Cell Death. 2:9–23. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Dat le T, Matsuo T, Yoshimaru T, Kakiuchi S, Goto H, Hanibuchi M, Kuramoto T, Nishioka Y, Sone S and Katagiri T: Identification of genes potentially involved in bone metastasis by genome-wide gene expression profile analysis of non-small cell lung cancer in mice. Int J Oncol. 40:1455–1469. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gregorio-King CC, Gough T, Van Der Meer GJ, Hosking JB, Waugh CM, McLeod JL, Collier FM and Kirkland MA: Mechanisms of resistance to the cytotoxic effects of oxysterols in human leukemic cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 88:311–320. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Aupeix K, Weltin D, Mejia JE, Christ M, Marchal J, Freyssinet JM and Bischoff P: Oxysterol-induced apoptosis in human monocytic cell lines. Immunobiology. 194:415–428. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Ayala-Torres S, Moller PC, Johnson BH and Thompson EB: Characteristics of 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced apoptosis in the human leukemic cell line CEM. Exp Cell Res. 235:35–47. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Gregorio-King CC, Collier FM, Bolton KA, Ferguson M, Hosking JB, Collier GR and Kirkland MA: Effect of oxysterols on hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp Hematol. 30:670–678. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Shephard DA: The 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and consent. Can Med Assoc J. 115:1191–1192. 1976.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Payton JE, Grieselhuber NR, Chang LW, Murakami M, Geiss GK, Link DC, Nagarajan R, Watson MA and Ley TJ: High throughput digital quantification of mRNA abundance in primary human acute myeloid leukemia samples. J Clin Invest. 119:1714–1726. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Yin TY, Hsiao YW, Peng WH, Wang MJ and Chen JY: Overexpression of Rhotekin confers gastric cancer cells resistance to interferon-{alpha}-mediated growth inhibition. Cancer Res. 72:44352012. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Myouzen K, Kochi Y, Okada Y, Terao C, Suzuki A, Ikari K, Tsunoda T, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Taniguchi A, et al: Functional variants in NFKBIE and RTKN2 involved in activation of the NF-κB pathway are associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese. PLoS Genet. 8:e10029492012. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Li W, Wu YF, Xu RH, Lu H, Hu C and Qian H: miR-1246 releases RTKN2-dependent resistance to UVB-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 394:299–306. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Gregorio-King C, Gough T, Collier F and Kirkland M: RTKN2-A novel gene differentially expressed in CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood, normal and AML bone marrow. Exp Hematol. 31:206–207. 2003.

18 

Wang S, Bian C, Yang Z, Bo Y, Li J, Zeng L, Zhou H and Zhao RC: miR-145 inhibits breast cancer cell growth through RTKN. Int J Oncol. 34:1461–1466. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sevli S, Uzumcu A, Solak M, Ittmann M and Ozen M: The function of microRNAs, small but potent molecules, in human prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 13:208–217. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Malumbres M and Barbacid M: Mammalian cyclin-dependent kinases. Trends Biochem Sci. 30:630–641. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Massagué J: G1 cell-cycle control and cancer. Nature. 432:298–306. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

van den Heuvel S and Harlow E: Distinct roles for cyclin-dependent kinases in cell cycle control. Science. 262:2050–2054. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Tetsu O and McCormick F: Proliferation of cancer cells despite CDK2 inhibition. Cancer Cell. 3:233–245. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Piatti S, Lengauer C and Nasmyth K: Cdc6 is an unstable protein whose de novo synthesis in G1 is important for the onset of S phase and for preventing a 'reductional' anaphase in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 14:3788–3799. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zwerschke W, Rottjakob HW and Küntzel H: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC6 gene is transcribed at late mitosis and encodes a ATP/GTPase controlling S phase initiation. J Biol Chem. 269:23351–23356. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Feng D, Tu Z, Wu W and Liang C: Inhibiting the expression of DNA replication-initiation proteins induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 63:7356–7364. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Lau E, Zhu C, Abraham RT and Jiang W: The functional role of Cdc6 in S-G2/M in mammalian cells. EMBO Rep. 7:425–430. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Perona R, Moncho-Amor V, Machado-Pinilla R, Belda-Iniesta C and Sánchez Pérez I: Role of CHK2 in cancer development. Clin Transl Oncol. 10:538–542. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Merchant AM, Kawasaki Y, Chen Y, Lei M and Tye BK: A lesion in the DNA replication initiation factor Mcm10 induces pausing of elongation forks through chromosomal replication origins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 17:3261–3271. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Izumi M, Yatagai F and Hanaoka F: Cell cycle-dependent proteolysis and phosphorylation of human Mcm10. J Biol Chem. 276:48526–48531. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Hong Y and Stambrook PJ: Restoration of an absent G1 arrest and protection from apoptosis in embryonic stem cells after ionizing radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:14443–14448. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liao YX, Zeng JM, Zhou JJ, Yang GH, Ding K and Zhang XJ: Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258. Mol Med Rep 13: 4872-4878, 2016.
APA
Liao, Y., Zeng, J., Zhou, J., Yang, G., Ding, K., & Zhang, X. (2016). Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 4872-4878. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5127
MLA
Liao, Y., Zeng, J., Zhou, J., Yang, G., Ding, K., Zhang, X."Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258". Molecular Medicine Reports 13.6 (2016): 4872-4878.
Chicago
Liao, Y., Zeng, J., Zhou, J., Yang, G., Ding, K., Zhang, X."Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258". Molecular Medicine Reports 13, no. 6 (2016): 4872-4878. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5127
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liao YX, Zeng JM, Zhou JJ, Yang GH, Ding K and Zhang XJ: Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258. Mol Med Rep 13: 4872-4878, 2016.
APA
Liao, Y., Zeng, J., Zhou, J., Yang, G., Ding, K., & Zhang, X. (2016). Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13, 4872-4878. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5127
MLA
Liao, Y., Zeng, J., Zhou, J., Yang, G., Ding, K., Zhang, X."Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258". Molecular Medicine Reports 13.6 (2016): 4872-4878.
Chicago
Liao, Y., Zeng, J., Zhou, J., Yang, G., Ding, K., Zhang, X."Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2024.13258". Molecular Medicine Reports 13, no. 6 (2016): 4872-4878. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5127
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team