Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
July-2016 Volume 14 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2016 Volume 14 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats

  • Authors:
    • Ruhui Lin
    • Kunqiang Yu
    • Xiaojie Li
    • Jing Tao
    • Yukun Lin
    • Congkuai Zhao
    • Chunyan Li
    • Li‑Dian Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China, TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China, Fujian Key Laboratory of Exercise Rehabilitation, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 225-233
    |
    Published online on: May 9, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5227
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to elucidate the association between this neuroprotective effect and brain ultrastructure and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and 9. Rats underwent focal cerebral I/R injury by arterial ligation and received in vivo therapeutic EA at the Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints. The therapeutic efficacy was then evaluated following the surgery. The results of the current study demonstrated that EA treatment significantly ameliorated neurological deficits and reduced cerebral infarct volume compared with I/R injured rats. Furthermore, EA improved the learning and memory ability of rats following I/R injury, inhibited blood brain barrier breakdown and reduced neuronal damage in the ischemic penumbra. Furthermore, EA attenuated ultrastructural changes in the brain tissue following ischemia and inhibited MMP‑2/MMP‑9 expression in cerebral I/R injured rats. The results suggest that EA ameliorates anatomical deterioration, and learning and memory deficits in rats with cerebral I/R injury.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Donnan GA, Fisher M, Macleod M and Davis SM: Stroke. Lancet. 371:1612–1623. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Miniño AM, Murphy SL, Xu J and Kochanek KD: Deaths: Final data for 2008. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 59:1–126. 2011.

3 

Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC, Breteler MM, Nyenhuis DL, Black SE, Powers WJ, DeCarli C, Merino JG, Kalaria RN, et al: National institute of neurological disorders and stroke-canadian stroke network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke. 37:2220–2241. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Park JH, Kim BJ, Bae HJ, Lee J, Lee J, Han MK, O KY, Park SH, Kang Y, Yu KH and Lee BC: Impact of post-stroke cognitive impairment with no dementia on health-related quality of life. J Stroke. 15:49–56. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ovbiagele B, Goldstein LB, Higashida RT, Howard VJ, Johnston SC, Khavjou OA, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Mohl S, Sacco RL, et al: Forecasting the future of stroke in the United States: A policy statement from the American heart association and American stroke association. Stroke. 44:2361–2375. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pendlebury ST and Rothwell PM: Prevalence, incidence and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 8:1006–1018. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kim SK and Bae H: Acupuncture and immune modulation. Auton Neurosci. 157:38–41. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Jittiwat J and Wattanathorn J: Ginger pharmacopuncture improves cognitive impairment and oxidative stress following cerebral ischemia. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 5:295–300. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhang GC, Fu WB, Xu NG, Liu JH, Zhu XP, Liang ZH, Huang YF and Chen YF: Meta analysis of the curative effect of acupuncture on post-stroke depression. J Tradit Chin Med. 32:6–11. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cao H, Wang Y, Chang D, Zhou L and Liu J: Acupuncture for vascular mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Acupunct Med. 31:368–374. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Feng Y, Bai L, Ren Y, Chen S, Wang H, Zhang W and Tian J: FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on the whole brain network in mild cognitive impairment patients. Magn Reson Imaging. 30:672–682. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhang H, Zhao L, Yang S, Chen Z, Li Y, Peng X, Yang Y and Zhu M: Clinical observation on effect of scalp electroacupuncture for mild cognitive impairment. J Tradit Chin Med. 33:46–50. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Lin YW and Hsieh CL: Electroacupuncture at baihui acupoint (GV20) reverses behavior deficit and long-term potentiation through N-methyl-d-aspartate and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 receptors in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. J Integr Neurosci. 9:269–282. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wang WW, Xie CL, Lu L and Zheng GQ: A systematic review and meta-analysis of baihui (GV20)-based scalp acupuncture in experimental ischemic stroke. Sci Rep. 4:39812014.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Feng X, Yang S, Liu J, Huang J, Peng J, Lin J, Tao J and Chen L: Electroacupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment through inhibition of NF-κB-mediated neuronal cell apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. Mol Med Rep. 7:1516–1522. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yang S, Ye H, Huang J, Tao J, Jiang C, Lin Z, Zheng G and Chen L: The synergistic effect of acupuncture and computer-based cognitive training on post-stroke cognitive dysfunction: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of 2×2 factorial design. BMC Complement Altern Med. 14:2902014. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Jin R, Song Z, Yu S, Piazza A, Nanda A, Penninger JM, Granger DN and Li G: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma plays a central role in blood-brain barrier dysfunction in acute experimental stroke. Stroke. 42:2033–2044. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Balami JS, Chen RL, Grunwald IQ and Buchan AM: Neurological complications of acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet Neurol. 10:357–371. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Abbott NJ, Patabendige AA, Dolman DE, Yusof SR and Begley DJ: Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol Dis. 37:13–25. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Krueger M, Härtig W, Reichenbach A, Bechmann I and Michalski D: Blood-brain barrier breakdown after embolic stroke in rats occurs without ultrastructural evidence for disrupting tight junctions. PLoS One. 8:e564192013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Bao Dang Q, Lapergue B, Tran-Dinh A, Diallo D, Moreno JA, Mazighi M, Romero IA, Weksler B, Michel JB, Amarenco P and Meilhac O: High-density lipoproteins limit neutrophil-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 33:575–582. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Spatz M: Past and recent BBB studies with particular emphasis on changes in ischemic brain edema: Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Igor Klatzo. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 106:21–27. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Yang D, Li SY, Yeung CM, Chang RC, So KF, Wong D and Lo AC: Lycium barbarum extracts protect the brain from blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema in experimental stroke. PLoS One. 7:e335962012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kasai H, Fukuda M, Watanabe S, Hayashi-Takagi A and Noguchi J: Structural dynamics of dendritic spines in memory and cognition. Trends Neurosci. 33:121–129. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Barr TL, Latour LL, Lee KY, Schaewe TJ, Luby M, Chang GS, El-Zammar Z, Alam S, Hallenbeck JM, Kidwell CS and Warach S: Blood-brain barrier disruption in humans is independently associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase-9. Stroke. 41:e123–e128. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Jin R, Yang G and Li G: Molecular insights and therapeutic targets for blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic stroke: Critical role of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Neurobiol Dis. 38:376–385. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chen W, Hartman R, Ayer R, Marcantonio S, Kamper J, Tang J and Zhang JH: Matrix metalloproteinases inhibition provides neuroprotection against hypoxia-ischemia in the developing brain. J Neurochem. 111:726–736. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S and Cummins R: Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke. 20:84–91. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Tao J, Chen B, Gao Y, Yang S, Huang J, Jiang X, Wu Y, Peng J, Hong Z and Chen L: Electroacupuncture enhances hippocampal NSCs proliferation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats via activation of notch signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci. 124:204–212. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Shim H: Vascular cognitive impairment and post-stroke cognitive deficits. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 14:4182014. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Fu YK, Chang CJ, Chen KY, Hwang LC, Wu KH, Chang KW, Jan ML, Chen CC and Chang CH: Imaging of regional metabolic activity by (18) F-FDG/PET in rats with transient cerebral ischemia. Appl Radiat Isot. 67:1743–1747. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Boyko M, Kutz R, Gruenbaum BF, Cohen H, Kozlovsky N, Gruenbaum SE, Shapira Y and Zlotnik A: The influence of aging on poststroke depression using a rat model via middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 13:847–859. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wang ZZ, Zhang Y, Liu YQ, Zhao N, Zhang YZ, Yuan L, An L, Li J, Wang XY, Qin JJ, et al: RNA interference-mediated phosphodiesterase 4D splice variants knock-down in the prefrontal cortex produces antidepressant-like and cognition-enhancing effects. Br J Pharmacol. 168:1001–1014. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

34 

de Souza Silva MA, Lenz B, Rotter A, Biermann T, Peters O, Ramirez A, Jessen F, Maier W, Hüll M, Schröder J, et al: Neurokinin3 receptor as a target to predict and improve learning and memory in the aged organism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:15097–15102. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Langdon KD, Granter-Button S, Harley CW, Moody-Corbett F, Peeling J and Corbett D: Cognitive rehabilitation reduces cognitive impairment and normalizes hippocampal CA1 architecture in a rat model of vascular dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 33:872–879. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

D'Intino G, Paradisi M, Fernandez M, Giuliani A, Aloe L, Giardino L and Calzà L: Cognitive deficit associated with cholinergic and nerve growth factor down-regulation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:3070–3075. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Leung MC, Yip KK, Ho YS, Siu FK, Li WC and Garner B: Mechanisms underlying the effect of acupuncture on cognitive improvement: A systematic review of animal studies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 9:492–507. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Greggio S, de Paula S, de Oliveira IM, Trindade C, Rosa RM, Henriques JA and DaCosta JC: NAP prevents acute cerebral oxidative stress and protects against long-term brain injury and cognitive impairment in a model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neurobiol Dis. 44:152–159. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Pop V, Sorensen DW, Kamper JE, Ajao DO, Murphy MP, Head E, Hartman RE and Badaut J: Early brain injury alters the blood-brain barrier phenotype in parallel with β-amyloid and cognitive changes in adulthood. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 33:205–214. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Pillai DR, Shanbhag NC, Dittmar MS, Bogdahn U and Schlachetzki F: Neurovascular protection by targeting early blood-brain barrier disruption with neurotrophic factors after ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 33:557–566. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Block ML, Zecca L and Hong JS: Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: Uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci. 8:57–69. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Leonardo CC, Eakin AK, Ajmo JM, Collier LA, Pennypacker KR, Strongin AY and Gottschall PE: Delayed administration of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor limits progressive brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat. J Neuroinflammation. 5:342008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Manso H, Krug T, Sobral J, Albergaria I, Gaspar G, Ferro JM, Oliveira SA and Vicente AM: Variants of the matrix metallopro-teinase-2 but not the matrix metalloproteinase-9 genes significantly influence functional outcome after stroke. BMC Med Genet. 11:402010. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Wei W, Zhang W, Huang Y, Li Y, Zhu G, Chen F and Li J: The therapeutic effect of (DL)-3-n-butylphthalide in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through downregulation of amyloid precursor protein and matrix metalloproteinase-2. J Int Med Res. 40:967–975. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Batra A, Latour LL, Ruetzler CA, Hallenbeck JM, Spatz M, Warach S and Henning EC: Increased plasma and tissue MMP levels are associated with BCSFB and BBB disruption evident on post-contrast flair after experimental stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 30:1188–1199. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Liu HS, Shen H, Harvey BK, Castillo P, Lu H, Yang Y and Wang Y: Post-treatment with amphetamine enhances reinnervation of the ipsilateral side cortex in stroke rats. Neuroimage. 56:280–289. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lin R, Yu K, Li X, Tao J, Lin Y, Zhao C, Li C and Chen LD: Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. Mol Med Rep 14: 225-233, 2016.
APA
Lin, R., Yu, K., Li, X., Tao, J., Lin, Y., Zhao, C. ... Chen, L. (2016). Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. Molecular Medicine Reports, 14, 225-233. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5227
MLA
Lin, R., Yu, K., Li, X., Tao, J., Lin, Y., Zhao, C., Li, C., Chen, L."Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 14.1 (2016): 225-233.
Chicago
Lin, R., Yu, K., Li, X., Tao, J., Lin, Y., Zhao, C., Li, C., Chen, L."Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 14, no. 1 (2016): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5227
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lin R, Yu K, Li X, Tao J, Lin Y, Zhao C, Li C and Chen LD: Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. Mol Med Rep 14: 225-233, 2016.
APA
Lin, R., Yu, K., Li, X., Tao, J., Lin, Y., Zhao, C. ... Chen, L. (2016). Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. Molecular Medicine Reports, 14, 225-233. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5227
MLA
Lin, R., Yu, K., Li, X., Tao, J., Lin, Y., Zhao, C., Li, C., Chen, L."Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 14.1 (2016): 225-233.
Chicago
Lin, R., Yu, K., Li, X., Tao, J., Lin, Y., Zhao, C., Li, C., Chen, L."Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-stroke learning and memory through minimizing ultrastructural brain damage and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 14, no. 1 (2016): 225-233. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5227
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team