Mandegar M and Yuan JX: Role of K⁺ channels in pulmonary hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol. 38:25–33. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Saji T, Myoishi M, Sugimura K, Tahara N, Takeda Y, Fukuda K, Olschewski H, Matsuda Y, Nikkho S and Satoh T: Efficacy and safety of inhaled iloprost in japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension- insights from the IBUKI and AIR studies. Circ J. 80:835–842. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Provencher S and Granton JT: Current treatment approaches to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 31:460–477. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Krick S, Platoshyn O, Sweeney M, Kim H and Yuan JX: Activation of K⁺ channels induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 280:C970–C979. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Shimoda LA, Wang J and Sylvester JT: Ca²⁺ channels and chronic hypoxia. Microcirculation. 13:657–670. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bonnet S and Archer SL: Potassium channel diversity in the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins: implications for regulation of the pulmonary vasculature in health and during pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther. 115:56–69. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang J, Juhaszova M, Rubin LJ and Yuan XJ: Hypoxia inhibits gene expression of voltage-gated K⁺ channel α subunits in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest. 100:2347–2353. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Moudgil R, Michelakis ED and Archer SL: The role of K⁺ channels in determining pulmonary vascular tone, oxygen sensing, cell proliferation, and apoptosis: implications in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Microcirculation. 13:615–632. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wiener CM, Banta MR, Dowless MS, Flavahan NA and Sylvester JT: Mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilation in ferret pulmonary arteries. Am J Physiol. 269:L351–L357. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

Standen NB and Quayle JM: K⁺ channel modulation in arterial smooth muscle. Acta Physiol Scand. 164:549–557. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

Tang Y, Long CL, Wang RH, Cui W and Wang H: Activation of SUR2B/Kir6.1 subtype of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel improves pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling via protecting endothelial function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 56:345–353. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hampl V, Bíbová J, Banasová A, Uhlík J, Miková D, Hnilicková O, Lachmanová V and Herget J: Pulmonary vascular iNOS induction participates in the onset of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 290:L11–L20. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

Wang H: Pharmacological characteristics of the novel antihypertensive drug, iptakalim hydrochloride, and its molecular mechanisms. Drug Dev Res. 58:65–68. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

Xie W, Wang H, Wang H and Hu G: Effects of iptakalim hydrochloride, a novel K_ATP channel opener, on pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxic rats. Life Sci. 75:2065–2076. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Xie W, Wang H, Ding J, Wang H and Hu G: Anti-proliferating effect of iptakalim, a novel K_ATP channel opener, in cultured rabbit pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 511:81–87. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Oltvai ZN, Milliman CL and Korsmeyer SJ: Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell. 74:609–619. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yin XM, Oltvai ZN and Korsmeyer SJ: BH1 and BH2 domains of Bcl-2 are required for inhibition of apoptosis and heterodimerization with Bax. Nature. 369:321–323. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, Bertocchi M, Habib G, Gressin V, Yaici A, Weitzenblum E, Cordier JF, Chabot F, Dromer C, Pison C, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Haloun A, Laurent M, Hachulla E and Simonneau G: Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: Results from a national registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 173:1023–1030. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Peacock AJ, Murphy NF, McMurray JJ, Caballero L and Stewart S: An epidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 30:104–109. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Duffels MG, Engelfriet PM, Berger RM, van Loon RL, Hoendermis E, Vriend JW, van der Velde ET, Bresser P and Mulder BJ: Pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease: An epidemiologic perspective from a Dutch registry. Int J Cardiol. 120:198–204. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

van de Veerdonk MC, Marcus JT, Westerhof N, de Man FS, Boonstra A, Heymans MW, Bogaard HJ and Vonk NA: Signs of right ventricular deterioration in clinically stable patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 147:1063–1071. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhang S, Li G, Tian L, Guo Q and Pan X: Short-term exposure to air pollution and morbidity of COPD and asthma in East Asian area: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res. 148:15–23. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hassoun PM, Mouthon L, Barberà JA, Eddahibi S, Flores SC, Grimminger F, Jones PL, Maitland ML, Michelakis ED, Morrell NW, et al: Inflammation, growth factors, and pulmonary vascular remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 54(Suppl): S10–S19. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stenmark KR, Tuder RM and El KK: Metabolic reprogramming and inflammation act in concert to control vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J Appl Physiol (1985). 119:1164–1172. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Li P, Oparil S, Sun JZ, Thompson JA and Chen YF: Fibroblast growth factor mediates hypoxia-induced endothelin - a receptor expression in lung artery smooth muscle cells. J Appl Physiol (1985). 95:643–651; discussion 863. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

Davie N, Haleen SJ, Upton PD, Polak JM, Yacoub MH, Morrell NW and Wharton J: ET(A) and ET(B) receptors modulate the proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 165:398–405. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sato K, Morio Y, Morris KG, Rodman DM and McMurtry IF: Mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction involves ET(A) receptor-mediated inhibition of K(ATP) channel. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 278:L434–L442. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Sweeney M, Yu Y, Platoshyn O, Zhang S, McDaniel SS and Yuan JX: Inhibition of endogenous TRP1 decreases capacitative Ca²⁺ entry and attenuates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 283:L144–L155. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hu HL, Zhang ZX, Zhao JP, Wang T and Xu YJ: Effect of opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel on the distribution of cytochrome C and on proliferation of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in hypoxia. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 58:262–268. 2006.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

Hu HL, Wang T and Zhang ZX: The effect on the change of oxygen free radicals and cell proliferation in hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by mitochondrial membrane potential. Chin J Tubercul Respiratory Diseases. 11:727–730. 2000.In Chinese.

Hu HL, Wang T, Zhang ZX, Zhao JP and Xu YJ: Effect of diazoxide on change of H₂O₂ in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and proliferation of hypoxic rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Chin J Pathophysiol. 23:2002–2006. 2007.In Chinese.

Hu HL, Wang T and Zhang ZX: The effect on the distribution of cytochrome C and cell proliferation in hypoxic rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by mitochondrial membrane potential. Proceedings of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Medicine). 166–169. 2802008.In Chinese.

Zeng H, Kong X, Peng H, Chen Y, Cai S, Luo H and Chen P: Apoptosis and Bcl-2 family proteins, taken to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 16:711–727. 2012.PubMed/NCBI