Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 14 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 14 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Luca Falzone
    • Andrea Marconi
    • Carla Loreto
    • Sabrina Franco
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Massimo Libra
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy, Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology Sciences ‘G.F. Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
    Copyright: © Falzone et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4467-4474
    |
    Published online on: October 3, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5791
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

It is well known that the occupational exposure to contaminants and carcinogens leads to the development of cancer in exposed workers. In the 18th century, Percivall Pott was the first to hypothesize that chronic exposure to dust in the London chimney sweeps was associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. Subsequently a growing body of evidence indicated that other physical factors were also responsible for oncogenic mutations. Over the past decades, many carcinogens have been found in the occupational environment and their presence is often associated with an increased incidence of cancer. Occupational exposure involves several factors and the association between carcinogens, occupational exposure and cancer is still unclear. Only a fraction of factors is recognized as occupational carcinogens and for each factor, there is an increased risk of cancer development associated with a specific work activity. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the majority of carcinogens are classified as ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ human carcinogens, while, direct evidence of carcinogenicity is provided in epidemiological and experimental studies. In the present review, exposures to benzene, pesticides and mineral fibers are discussed as the most important cancer risk factors during work activities.
View Figures
View References

1 

Brown JR and Thornton JL: Percivall Pott (1714–1788) and chimney sweepers' cancer of the scrotum. Br J Ind Med. 14:68–70. 1957.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Muller H: The problem of genetic modification. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Genetics in Berlin. Berlin. 1926;

3 

Siemiatycki J, Richardson L, Straif K, Latreille B, Lakhani R, Campbell S, Rousseau MC and Boffetta P: Listing occupational carcinogens. Environ Health Perspect. 112:1447–1459. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Boffetta P and Nyberg F: Contribution of environmental factors to cancer risk. Br Med Bull. 68:71–94. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Blair A, Marrett L and Beane Freeman L: Occupational cancer in developed countries. Environ Health. 10:(Suppl 1). S92011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Chappell G, Pogribny IP, Guyton KZ and Rusyn I: Epigenetic alterations induced by genotoxic occupational and environmental human chemical carcinogens: A systematic literature review. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 768:27–45. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Leonardi GC, Rapisarda V, Marconi A, Scalisi A, Catalano F, Proietti L, Travali S, Libra M and Fenga C: Correlation of the risk of breast cancer and disruption of the circadian rhythm (Review). Oncol Rep. 28:418–428. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Fenga C, Aragona P, Di Nola C and Spinella R: Comparison of ocular surface disease index and tear osmolarity as markers of ocular surface dysfunction in video terminal display workers. Am J Ophthalmol. 158:41–48.e2. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Fenga C, Virelli L, Fenga P, Rapisarda V, Di Nola C and Virelli A: Work related low-back pain: Prevention and strategies of rehabilitation. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 29:(Suppl 3). 586–587. 2007.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

10 

Fenga C, Aragona P, Cacciola A, Spinella R, Di Nola C, Ferreri F and Rania L: Meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers. Eye (Lond). 22:91–95. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Fenga C and Barbaro M: Work and eye discomfort: Relationship between symptoms and signs of conjunctival changes. A protocol for health surveillance. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 22:265–268. 2000.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

12 

Fenga C, Di Pietro R, Fenga P, Di Nola C, Spinella R, Cacciola A, Germanò D and Aragona P: Asthenopia in VDT users: Our experience. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 29:(Suppl). 500–501. 2007.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

13 

Fenga C, Cacciola A, Anzalone C, Trimarchi G and Grillo OC: Influence of microclimate factors on ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 27:417–421. 2005.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fenga C, Cacciola A, Aragona P, Spinella R, Ricciardo Calderaro S and Germanò D: Work and video terminals: Eye discomfort and blepharitis. Preliminary data. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 25:(Suppl 3). 208–209. 2003.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

15 

Schmidt A, Neumann M, Wirtz M, Ernstmann N, Staratschek-Jox A, Stoelben E, Wolf J and Pfaff H: The influence of occupational stress factors on the nicotine dependence: a cross sectional study. Tob Induc Dis. 8:62010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Boyle T, Fritschi L, Heyworth J and Bull F: Long-term sedentary work and the risk of subsite-specific colorectal cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 173:1183–1191. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Valentino M, Rapisarda V and Fenga C: Hand injuries due to high-pressure injection devices for painting in shipyards: Circumstances, management, and outcome in twelve patients. Am J Ind Med. 43:539–542. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Fenga C, Rapisarda V, Valentino M, Cacciola A, Deboli R, Calvo A and Germanò D: Hand-arm vibration syndrome and upper limbs diseases in the forest workers of Italia meridionale. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 29:(Suppl 3). 592–593. 2007.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

19 

Rapisarda V, Valentino M, Bolognini S and Fenga C: Noise-related occupational risk aboard fishing vessels: Considerations on prevention and the protection of exposed workers. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 26:191–196. 2004.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

20 

Valentino M, Rapisarda V, Scalise L, Paone N, Santarelli L, Fenga C and Rossi GL: A new method for the experimental assessment of finger haemodynamic effects induced by a hydraulic breaker in operative conditions. J Occup Health. 46:253–259. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Di Rosa AE, Gangemi S, Cristani M, Fenga C, Saitta S, Abenavoli E, Imbesi S, Speciale A, Minciullo PL, Spatari≈ G, et al: Serum levels of carbonylated and nitrosylated proteins in mobbing victims with workplace adjustment disorders. Biol Psychol. 82:308–311. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Fenga C, Faranda M, Aragona M, Micali E, Di Nola C, Trimarchi G, Crimi B and Cacciola A: Burnout and occupational stress in nurses. Med Lav. 98:55–63. 2007.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

23 

Fenga C, Di Nola C, Maviglia P, Cacciola A and Nardella C: Assessment of occupational stress among shopping centre employees. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 31:(Suppl B). B56–B63. 2009.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

24 

Fenga C, Micali E, Cacciola A, Trimarchi G and Germanò D: Stressful life events and fibrinogen level in middle-aged teachers. Psychopathology. 37:64–68. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Candido S, Rapisarda V, Marconi A, Malaponte G, Bevelacqua V, Gangemi P, Scalisi A, McCubrey JA, Maestro R, Spandidos DA, et al: Analysis of the B-RafV600E mutation in cutaneous melanoma patients with occupational sun exposure. Oncol Rep. 31:1079–1082. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Clapp RW, Jacobs MM and Loechler EL: Environmental and occupational causes of cancer: New evidence 2005–2007. Rev Environ Health. 23:1–37. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Fabre F and Roman H: Genetic evidence for inducibility of recombination competence in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 74:1667–1671. 1977. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Fenga C, Gangemi S, De Luca A, Calimeri S, Lo Giudice D, Pugliese M, Licitra F, Alibrandi A and Costa C: Seroprevalence and occupational risk survey for Coxiella burnetii among exposed workers in Sicily, Southern Italy. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 28:901–907. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Fenga C and Pugliese M: Endemic zoonosis in Mediterranean area. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 35:347–349. 2013.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

30 

Rapisarda V, Valentino M, Ravalli P, Fenga C and Duscio D: Occupational brucellosis in slaughtering of sheep and goats: Study of five cases from a municipal abattoir in south-eastern Sicily. Med Lav. 96:134–141. 2005.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

31 

Rapisarda V, Marconi A, Candido S, Nicolosi D, Salmeri M, Gangemi P, Proietti L, Spandidos DA, Bracci M, Fenga C, et al: A tailored health surveillance program unveils a case of MALT lymphoma in an HCV-positive health-care worker. Oncol Lett. 5:651–654. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ioli A, Lo Giudice L and Fenga C: Skin manifestations of parasites in occupational diseases. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 24:202–204. 2002.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

33 

Fenga C, Cacciola A, Di Nola C, Calimeri S, Lo Giudice D, Pugliese M, Niutta PP and Martino LB: Serologic investigation of the prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in occupationally exposed subjects in eastern Sicily. Ann Agric Environ Med. 14:93–96. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Libra M, Mangano K, Anzaldi M, Quattrocchi C, Donia M, di Marco R, Signorelli S, Scalia G, Zignego AL, de Re V, et al: Analysis of interleukin (IL)-1β IL-1 receptor antagonist, soluble IL-1 receptor type II and IL-1 accessory protein in HCV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Oncol Rep. 15:1305–1308. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Libra M, Polesel J, Russo AE, De Re V, Cinà D, Serraino D, Nicoletti F, Spandidos DA, Stivala F and Talamini R: Extrahepatic disorders of HCV infection: a distinct entity of B-cell neoplasia? Int J Oncol. 36:1331–1340. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Ferreri AJ, Dolcetti R, Magnino S, Doglioni C and Ponzoni M: Chlamydial infection: the link with ocular adnexal lymphomas. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 6:658–669. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Bahadar H, Mostafalou S and Abdollahi M: Current understandings and perspectives on non-cancer health effects of benzene: A global concern. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 276:83–94. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Fenga C, Catania C, Di Nola C, Cacciola A, Germanò D and Costa C: Air pollution in urban areas as a risk factor for health in the general population and in workers. Environmental and biologic monitoring of 1–3 butadiene. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 29:(Suppl 3). 861–863. 2007.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

39 

Lan Q, Zhang L, Li G, Vermeulen R, Weinberg RS, Dosemeci M, Rappaport SM, Shen M, Alter BP, Wu Y, et al: Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene. Science. 306:1774–1776. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kanada M, Miyagawa M, Sato M, Hasegawa H and Honma T: Neurochemical profile of effects of 28 neurotoxic chemicals on the central nervous system in rats (1). Effects of oral administration on brain contents of biogenic amines and metabolites. Ind Health. 32:145–164. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, . Occupational exposures in petroleum refining; crude oil and major petroleum fuels. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 45:1–322. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Reutman SR, LeMasters GK, Knecht EA, Shukla R, Lockey JE, Burroughs GE and Kesner JS: Evidence of reproductive endocrine effects in women with occupational fuel and solvent exposures. Environ Health Perspect. 110:805–811. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Marchetti F, Eskenazi B, Weldon RH, Li G, Zhang L, Rappaport SM, Schmid TE, Xing C, Kurtovich E and Wyrobek AJ: Occupational exposure to benzene and chromosomal structural aberrations in the sperm of Chinese men. Environ Health Perspect. 120:229–234. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Smith MT: Advances in understanding benzene health effects and susceptibility. Annu Rev Public Health. 31133–148. (2): 148. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Uzma N, Kumar BS and Hazari MA: Exposure to benzene induces oxidative stress, alters the immune response and expression of p53 in gasoline filling workers. Am J Ind Med. 53:1264–1270. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Winek CL and Collom WD: Benzene and toluene fatalities. J Occup Med. 13:259–261. 1971.PubMed/NCBI

47 

Collins JJ, Ireland B, Buckley CF and Shepperly D: Lymphohaematopoeitic cancer mortality among workers with benzene exposure. Occup Environ Med. 60:676–679. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Snyder R: Leukemia and benzene. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 9:2875–2893. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Bennett LM and Davis BJ: Identification of mammary carcinogens in rodent bioassays. Environ Mol Mutagen. 39:150–157. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Rudel RA, Attfield KR, Schifano JN and Brody JG: Chemicals causing mammary gland tumors in animals signal new directions for epidemiology, chemicals testing, and risk assessment for breast cancer prevention. Cancer. 109:2635–2666. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Fenga C: Occupational exposure and risk of breast cancer. Biomed Rep. 4:282–292. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

52 

Collingwood KW, Raabe GK and Wong O: An updated cohort mortality study of workers at a northeastern United States petroleum refinery. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 68:277–288. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Fu H, Demers PA, Costantini AS, Winter P, Colin D, Kogevinas M and Boffetta P: Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers: An analysis of two cohorts. Occup Environ Med. 53:394–398. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Gérin M, Siemiatycki J, Désy M and Krewski D: Associations between several sites of cancer and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene: Results of a case-control study in Montreal. Am J Ind Med. 34:144–156. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Lewis RJ, Schnatter AR, Drummond I, Murray N, Thompson FS, Katz AM, Jorgensen G, Nicolich MJ, Dahlman D and Thériault G: Mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Canadian petroleum workers. Occup Environ Med. 60:918–928. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Snyder R, Witz G and Goldstein BD: The toxicology of benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 100:293–306. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Zhang L, McHale CM, Rothman N, Li G, Ji Z, Vermeulen R, Hubbard AE, Ren X, Shen M, Rappaport SM, et al: Systems biology of human benzene exposure. Chem Biol Interact. 184:86–93. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Nishikawa T, Izumo K, Miyahara E, Horiuchi M, Okamoto Y, Kawano Y and Takeuchi T: Benzene induces cytotoxicity without metabolic activation. J Occup Health. 53:84–92. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Wan J, Badham HJ and Winn L: The role of c-MYB in benzene-initiated toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 153–154. 171–178. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Kalousová M, Zima T, Tesar V, Dusilová-Sulková S and Skrha J: Advanced glycoxidation end products in chronic diseases-clinical chemistry and genetic background. Mutat Res. 579:37–46. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Costa C, Ozcagli E, Gangemi S, Schembri F, Giambò F, Androutsopoulos V, Tsatsakis A and Fenga C: Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and role of dietary factors in gasoline station attendants. Food Chem Toxicol. 90:30–35. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Malaponte G, Signorelli SS, Bevelacqua V, Polesel J, Taborelli M, Guarneri C, Fenga C, Umezawa K and Libra M: Increased Levels of NF-κB-Dependent Markers in Cancer-Associated Deep Venous Thrombosis. PLoS One. 10:e01324962015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Fenga C, Gangemi S, Giambò F, Tsitsimpikou C, Golokhvast K, Tsatsakis A and Costa C: Low-dose occupational exposure to benzene and signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress. Life Sci. 147:67–70. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Badham HJ, Renaud SJ, Wan J and Winn LM: Benzene-initiated oxidative stress: Effects on embryonic signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 184:218–221. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Stokes SE and Winn LM: NF-κB signaling is increased in HD3 cells following exposure to 1,4-benzoquinone: Role of reactive oxygen species and p38-MAPK. Toxicol Sci. 137:303–310. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Barreto G, Madureira D, Capani F, Aon-Bertolino L, Saraceno E and Alvarez-Giraldez LD: The role of catechols and free radicals in benzene toxicity: An oxidative DNA damage pathway. Environ Mol Mutagen. 50:771–780. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Lacquaniti A, Fenga C, Venuti VA, Pernice L, Catanzariti S, Sirna G, Pernice F, Arena A, Lupica R, Abbate C, et al: Hydrocarbons and kidney damage: Potential use of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and sister chromatide exchange. Am J Nephrol. 35:271–278. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Smith MT, Zhang L, Wang Y, Hayes RB, Li G, Wiemels J, Dosemeci M, Titenko-Holland N, Xi L, Kolachana P, et al: Increased translocations and aneusomy in chromosomes 8 and 21 among workers exposed to benzene. Cancer Res. 58:2176–2181. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

69 

Bassig BA, Zhang L, Cawthon RM, Smith MT, Yin S, Li G, Hu W, Shen M, Rappaport S, Barone-Adesi F, et al: Alterations in leukocyte telomere length in workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Environ Mol Mutagen. 55:673–678. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Bollati V, Baccarelli A, Hou L, Bonzini M, Fustinoni S, Cavallo D, Byun HM, Jiang J, Marinelli B, Pesatori AC, et al: Changes in DNA methylation patterns in subjects exposed to low-dose benzene. Cancer Res. 67:876–880. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Bai W, Chen Y, Yang J, Niu P, Tian L and Gao A: Aberrant miRNA profiles associated with chronic benzene poisoning. Exp Mol Pathol. 96:426–430. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Fenga C, Gangemi S and Costa C: Benzene exposure is associated with epigenetic changes (Review). Mol Med Rep. 13:3401–3405. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

73 

Abubakar MB, Abdullah WZ, Sulaiman SA and Ang BS: The effects of exposure to petrol vapours on growth, haematological parameters and oxidative markers in sprague-dawley male rats. Malays J Med Sci. 22:23–31. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

74 

Cruz-Martinez L, Smits JE and Fernie K: Stress response, biotransformation effort, and immunotoxicity in captive birds exposed to inhaled benzene, toluene, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 112:223–230. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Harada K, Ichiyama T, Ikeda H and Yoshida K: A fatal case of oral ingestion of benzine. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 20:84–89. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

López E, Schuhmacher M and Domingo JL: Human health risks of petroleum-contaminated groundwater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 15:278–288. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Bogen KT and Sheehan PJ: Dermal versus total uptake of benzene from mineral spirits solvent during parts washing. Risk Anal. 34:1336–1358. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Williams PR, Sahmel J, Knutsen J, Spencer J and Bunge AL: Dermal absorption of benzene in occupational settings: Estimating flux and applications for risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol. 41:111–142. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Costa C, Gangemi S, Giambò F, Rapisarda V, Caccamo D and Fenga C: Oxidative stress biomarkers and paraoxonase 1 polymorphism frequency in farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Mol Med Rep. 12:6353–6357. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

80 

Salameh PR, Baldi I, Brochard P, Raherison C, Abi Saleh B and Salamon R: Respiratory symptoms in children and exposure to pesticides. Eur Respir J. 22:507–512. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

García-García CR, Parrón T, Requena M, Alarcón R, Tsatsakis AM and Hernández AF: Occupational pesticide exposure and adverse health effects at the clinical, hematological and biochemical level. Life Sci. 145:274–283. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Alavanja MC, Samanic C, Dosemeci M, Lubin J, Tarone R, Lynch CF, Knott C, Thomas K, Hoppin JA, Barker J, et al: Use of agricultural pesticides and prostate cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 157:800–814. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Gomaa AI, Khan SA, Toledano MB, Waked I and Taylor-Robinson SD: Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol. 14:4300–4308. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Santibañez M, Alguacil J, de la Hera MG, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Llorca J, Aragonés N, Kauppinen T and Vioque J: PANESOES Study Group: Occupational exposures and risk of stomach cancer by histological type. Occup Environ Med. 69:268–275. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Vakonaki E, Androutsopoulos VP, Liesivuori J, Tsatsakis AM and Spandidos DA: Pesticides and oncogenic modulation. Toxicology. 307:42–45. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Purdue MP, Hoppin JA, Blair A, Dosemeci M and Alavanja MC: Occupational exposure to organochlorine insecticides and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer. 120:642–649. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Navaranjan G, Hohenadel K, Blair A, Demers PA, Spinelli JJ, Pahwa P, McLaughlin JR, Dosman JA, Ritter L and Harris SA: Exposures to multiple pesticides and the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in Canadian men. Cancer Causes Control. 24:1661–1673. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Kachuri L, Demers PA, Blair A, Spinelli JJ, Pahwa M, McLaughlin JR, Pahwa P, Dosman JA and Harris SA: Multiple pesticide exposures and the risk of multiple myeloma in Canadian men. Int J Cancer. 133:1846–1858. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Kang H, Cha ES, Choi GJ and Lee WJ: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and agricultural environments: A systematic review. J Korean Med Sci. 29:1610–1617. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Mamane A, Baldi I, Tessier JF, Raherison C and Bouvier G: Occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory health. Eur Respir Rev. 24:306–319. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Song Y, Chou EL, Baecker A, You NC, Song Y, Sun Q and Liu S: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, risk of type 2 diabetes, and diabetes-related metabolic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes. 8:516–532. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Taetzsch T and Block ML: Pesticides, microglial NOX2, and Parkinson's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 27:137–149. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Richardson JR, Roy A, Shalat SL, von Stein RT, Hossain MM, Buckley B, Gearing M, Levey AI and German DC: Elevated serum pesticide levels and risk for Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 71:284–290. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

Costa C, Rapisarda V, Catania S, Di Nola C, Ledda C and Fenga C: Cytokine patterns in greenhouse workers occupationally exposed to α-cypermethrin: An observational study. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 36:796–800. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

95 

Fenga C, Gangemi S, Catania S, De Luca A and Costa C: IL-17 and IL-22 serum levels in greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides. Inflamm Res. 63:895–897. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

96 

Gangemi S, Gofita E, Costa C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Nikitovic D, Tzanakakis G, Tsatsakis AM, Wilks MF, Spandidos DA, et al: Occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides and cytokine pathways in chronic diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med. 38:1012–1020. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

97 

Van Maele-Fabry G, Libotte V, Willems J and Lison D: Review and meta-analysis of risk estimates for prostate cancer in pesticide manufacturing workers. Cancer Causes Control. 17:353–373. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

98 

Lee WJ, Blair A, Hoppin JA, Lubin JH, Rusiecki JA, Sandler DP, Dosemeci M and Alavanja MC: Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 96:1781–1789. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Lee WJ, Sandler DP, Blair A, Samanic C, Cross AJ and Alavanja MC: Pesticide use and colorectal cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study. Int J Cancer. 121:339–346. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Antwi SO, Eckert EC, Sabaque CV, Leof ER, Hawthorne KM, Bamlet WR, Chaffee KG, Oberg AL and Petersen GM: Exposure to environmental chemicals and heavy metals, and risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 26:1583–1591. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

101 

Fritschi L, Benke G, Risch HA, Schulte A, Webb PM, Whiteman DC, Fawcett J and Neale RE: Occupational exposure to N-nitrosamines and pesticides and risk of pancreatic cancer. Occup Environ Med. 72:678–683. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

102 

VoPham T, Brooks MM, Yuan JM, Talbott EO, Ruddell D, Hart JE, Chang CC and Weissfeld JL: Pesticide exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A case-control study using a geographic information system (GIS) to link SEER-Medicare and California pesticide data. Environ Res 143 (Pt A). 68–82. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

103 

Niu J, Lin Y, Guo Z, Niu M and Su C: The Epidemiological Investigation on the Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Southeast China. Medicine (Baltimore). 95:e27582016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

Sifaki-Pistolla D, Karageorgos SA, Koulentaki M, Samonakis D, Stratakou S, Digenakis E and Kouroumalis E: Geoepidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in the island of Crete, Greece. A possible role of pesticides. Liver Int. 36:588–594. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Medina-Díaz IM, Ponce-Ruiz N, Ramírez-Chávez B, Rojas-García AE, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Elizondo G and Bernal-Hernández YY: Downregulation of human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) by organophosphate pesticides in HepG2 cells. Environ Toxicol. Mar 7–2016.Epub ahead of print. View Article : Google Scholar

106 

Stanton MF, Layard M, Tegeris A, Miller E, May M, Morgan E and Smith A: Relation of particle dimension to carcinogenicity in amphibole asbestoses and other fibrous minerals. J Natl Cancer Inst. 67:965–975. 1981.PubMed/NCBI

107 

Wagner JC, Sleggs CA and Marchand P: Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North Western Cape Province. Br J Ind Med. 17:260–271. 1960.PubMed/NCBI

108 

Tweedale G: Asbestos and its lethal legacy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:311–315. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

109 

McDonald JC: Epidemiology of malignant mesothelioma - an outline. Ann Occup Hyg. 54:851–857. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Britton M: The epidemiology of mesothelioma. Semin Oncol. 29:18–25. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Mensi C, De Matteis S, Dallari B, Riboldi L, Bertazzi PA and Consonni D: Incidence of mesothelioma in Lombardy, Italy: Exposure to asbestos, time patterns and future projections. Occup Environ Med. 73:607–613. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Tan C and Treasure T: Mesothelioma: Time to take stock. J R Soc Med. 98:455–458. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Robinson BW and Lake RA: Advances in malignant mesothelioma. N Engl J Med. 353:1591–1603. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

114 

Barbieri PG and Sommigliana AB: Asbestos-related diseases and biological index of cumulative dose in shipyard workers (1996–2015). Med Lav. 107:315–326. 2016.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

115 

Norbet C, Joseph A, Rossi SS, Bhalla S and Gutierrez FR: Asbestos-related lung disease: A pictorial review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 44:371–382. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

116 

Comba P, Gianfagna A and Paoletti L: Pleural mesothelioma cases in Biancavilla are related to a new fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole. Arch Environ Health. 58:229–232. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

117 

Bruni BM, Pacella A, MazziottiTagliani S, Gianfagna A and Paoletti L: Nature and extent of the exposure to fibrous amphiboles in Biancavilla. Sci Total Environ. 370:9–16. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

118 

Putzu MG, Bruno C, Zona A, Massiccio M, Pasetto R, Piolatto PG and Comba P: Fluoro-edenitic fibres in the sputum of subjects from Biancavilla (Sicily): A pilot study. Environ Health. 5:202006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

119 

Paoletti L, Batisti D, Bruno C, Di Paola M, Gianfagna A, Mastrantonio M, Nesti M and Comba P: Unusually high incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma in a town of eastern Sicily: An epidemiological and environmental study. Arch Environ Health. 55:392–398. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

120 

Hodgson JT and Darnton A: The quantitative risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to asbestos exposure. Ann Occup Hyg. 44:565–601. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Carbone M, Ly BH, Dodson RF, Pagano I, Morris PT, Dogan UA, Gazdar AF, Pass HI and Yang H: Malignant mesothelioma: Facts, myths, and hypotheses. J Cell Physiol. 227:44–58. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Cristaudo A, Foddis R and Guglielmi G: Methodology and results of an experience of medical surveillance of people previously exposed to asbestos in Tuscany. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 32:(Suppl 4). 385–388. 2010.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

123 

Marcus PM, Bergstralh EJ, Fagerstrom RM, Williams DE, Fontana R, Taylor WF and Prorok PC: Lung cancer mortality in the Mayo Lung Project: Impact of extended follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:1308–1316. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), . IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. IARC; Lyon: pp. 1–42. 1987

125 

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Asbestos, . Selected Health Effects: Asbestos: Selected Cancers. National Academies Press; Washington, DC: 2006

126 

Rapisarda V, Salemi R, Marconi A, Loreto C, Graziano AC, Cardile V, Basile MS, Candido S, Falzone L, Spandidos DA, et al: Fluoro-edenite induces fibulin-3 overexpression in non-malignant human mesothelial cells. Oncol Lett. 12:3363–3367. 2016.

127 

Rapisarda V, Ledda C, Migliore M, Salemi R, Musumeci A, Bracci M, Marconi A, Loreto C and Libra M: FBLN-3 as a biomarker of pleural plaques in workers occupationally exposed to carcinogenic fibers: A pilot study. Future Oncol 11 (Suppl 24). 35–37. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

128 

Cardile V, Lombardo L, Belluso E, Panico A, Renis M, Gianfagna A and Balazy M: Fluoro-edenite fibers induce expression of Hsp70 and inflammatory response. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 4:195–202. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Loreto C, Rapisarda V, Carnazza ML, Musumeci G, Valentino M, Fenga C and Martinez G: Fluoro-edenite fibres induce lung cell apoptosis: An in vivo study. Histol Histopathol. 23:319–326. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

130 

Musumeci G, Cardile V, Fenga C, Caggia S and Loreto C: Mineral fibre toxicity: Expression of retinoblastoma (Rb) and phospho-retinoblastoma (pRb) protein in alveolar epithelial and mesothelial cell lines exposed to fluoro-edenite fibres. Cell Biol Toxicol. 27:217–225. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

131 

Chu IM, Hengst L and Slingerland JM: The Cdk inhibitor p27 in human cancer: Prognostic potential and relevance to anticancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 8:253–267. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

132 

Miozzi E, Rapisarda V, Marconi A, Costa C, Polito I, Spandidos DA, Libra M and Fenga C: Fluoro-edenite and carbon nanotubes: The health impact of ‘asbestos-like’ fibres (Review). Exp Ther Med. 11:21–27. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

133 

Polesel J, Franceschi S, Talamini R, Negri E, Barzan L, Montella M, Libra M, Vaccher E, Franchin G, La Vecchia C, et al: Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and the risk of different histological types of nasopharyngeal cancer in a low-risk population. Oral Oncol. 47:541–545. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

134 

Sokolosky ML, Stadelman KM, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Martelli AM, Stivala F, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Drobot LB, Franklin RA, et al: Involvement of Akt-1 and mTOR in sensitivity of breast cancer to targeted therapy. Oncotarget. 2:538–550. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

135 

McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Ligresti G, Misaghian N, Wong EW, Steelman LS, Bäsecke J, Troppmair J, Libra M, Nicoletti F, et al: Involvement of p53 and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in hematopoietic drug resistance. Leukemia. 22:2080–2090. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

136 

McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Franklin RA, Abrams SL, Chappell WH, Wong EW, Lehmann BD, Terrian DM, Basecke J, Stivala F, et al: Targeting the RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and p53 pathways in hematopoietic drug resistance. Adv Enzyme Regul. 47:64–103. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

137 

Gangemi S, Miozzi E, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, De Luca A, Alibrando C, Polito I and Libra M: Occupational exposure to pesticides as a possible risk factor for the development of chronic diseases in humans (Review). Mol Med Rep. (In press).

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Falzone L, Marconi A, Loreto C, Franco S, Spandidos DA and Libra M: Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review). Mol Med Rep 14: 4467-4474, 2016.
APA
Falzone, L., Marconi, A., Loreto, C., Franco, S., Spandidos, D.A., & Libra, M. (2016). Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 14, 4467-4474. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5791
MLA
Falzone, L., Marconi, A., Loreto, C., Franco, S., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 14.5 (2016): 4467-4474.
Chicago
Falzone, L., Marconi, A., Loreto, C., Franco, S., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 14, no. 5 (2016): 4467-4474. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5791
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Falzone L, Marconi A, Loreto C, Franco S, Spandidos DA and Libra M: Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review). Mol Med Rep 14: 4467-4474, 2016.
APA
Falzone, L., Marconi, A., Loreto, C., Franco, S., Spandidos, D.A., & Libra, M. (2016). Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 14, 4467-4474. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5791
MLA
Falzone, L., Marconi, A., Loreto, C., Franco, S., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 14.5 (2016): 4467-4474.
Chicago
Falzone, L., Marconi, A., Loreto, C., Franco, S., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M."Occupational exposure to carcinogens: Benzene, pesticides and fibers (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 14, no. 5 (2016): 4467-4474. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5791
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team