Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
February-2017 Volume 15 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2017 Volume 15 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections

  • Authors:
    • Daniela Călina
    • Anca Oana Docea
    • Lucica Rosu
    • Ovidiu Zlatian
    • Alexandra Floriana Rosu
    • Florin Anghelina
    • Otilia Rogoveanu
    • Andreea Letiția Arsene
    • Alina Crenguța Nicolae
    • Cristina Manuela Drăgoi
    • John Tsiaoussis
    • Aristides M. Tsatsakis
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Nikolaos Drakoulis
    • Eliza Gofita
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece, Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece, Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
    Copyright: © Călina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 681-688
    |
    Published online on: December 13, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.6034
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) determine an increase in hospitalization time and antibiotic therapy costs. The aim of this study was to identify the germs involved in SSIs in patients from the Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova (SCJUC) and to assess their resistance to antimicrobials, with comparisons between surgical wards and the intensive care unit (ICU). The biological samples were subjected to classical bacteriological diagnostics. Antibiotic resistance was tested by disc diffusion. We used hierarchical clustering as a method to group the isolates based upon the antibiotic resistance profile. The most prevalent bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; 50.72%), followed by Escherichia coli (E. coli; 17.22%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 10.05%). In addition, at lower percentages, we isolated glucose-non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacteria and other Enterobacteriaceae. The antibiotic resistance varied greatly between species; the most resistant were the non-fermenting Gram‑negative rods. E. coli exhibited lower resistance to third generation cephalosporins, quinolones and carbapenems. By contrast, Klebsiella was resistant to many cephalosporins and penicillins, and to a certain extent to carbapenems due to carbapenemase production. The non-fermenting bacteria were highly resistant to antibiotics, but were generally sensitive to colistin. S. aureus was resistant to ceftriaxone (100%), penicillin (91.36%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (87.50%), amikacin (80.00%) and was sensitive to levofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamycin, tigecycline and teicoplanin. The Enterobacteriaceae resistance was only slightly higher in the ICU, particularly to carbapenems (imipenem, 31.20% in the ICU vs. 14.30% in the surgical wards; risk ratio = 2.182). As regards Staphylococcus species, but for non-fermenting bacteria, even if the median was almost the same, the antibiotic resistance index values were confined to the upper limit in the ICU. The data gathered from this study may help infection control teams to establish effective guidelines for antibiotic therapies in various surgical procedures, in order to minimize the risk of developing SSIs by the efficient application of the anti-infection armamentarium.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Staicus C, Calina D, Rosu L, Rosu AF and Zlatian O: Involvement of microbial flora in aetiology of surgical site infections. Eur J Hosp Pharm Sci Pract. 22:A592015.

2 

Watanabe A, Kohnoe S, Shimabukuro R, Yamanaka T, Iso Y, Baba H, Higashi H, Orita H, Emi Y, Takahashi I, et al: Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in upper and lower gastrointestinal surgery. Surg Today. 38:404–412. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Owens CD and Stoessel K: Surgical site infections: Epidemiology, microbiology and prevention. J Hosp Infect. 70 Suppl 2:3–10. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Cristea OM, Zlatian OM, Dinescu SN, Avramescu CS, Balasoiu M, Niculescu M and Calina DC: A comparative study on antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella strains from surgical and intensive care wards. Curr Heal Sci. 42:169–179. 2016.

5 

Dulon M, Haamann F, Peters C, Schablon A and Nienhaus A: MRSA prevalence in European healthcare settings: a review. BMC Infect Dis. 11:1382011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, . Reducing Healthcare associated infection in hospitals in England. Fifty-second Report of Session 2008–09. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmpubacc/812/812.pdfNovember 10–2009.

7 

Kassim A, Omuse G, Premji Z and Revathi G: Comparison of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines for the interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility at a University teaching hospital in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 15:212016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Li JY, Ma Y, Sun Z, Yao L, Zhang L, Hu C and Jin S: Cluster analysis to detect the homogeneous strains of E. coli isolated from clinical specimens. Chin J Microbiol Immunol. 23:384–387. 2003.

9 

Xu J, Shi C, Song M, Xu X, Yang P, Paoli G and Shi X: Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance traits of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Shanghai. J Food Sci. 79:M635–M642. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Dzidic S and Bedeković V: Horizontal gene transfer-emerging multidrug resistance in hospital bacteria. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 24:519–526. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Liapakis IE, Kottakis I, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis AM, Pitiakoudis MS, Ypsilantis P, Light RW, Simopoulos CE and Bouros DE: Penetration of newer quinolones in the empyema fluid. Eur Respir J. 24:466–470. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kumar M, Dutta R, Saxena S and Singhal S: Risk Factor Analysis in Clinical Isolates of ESBL and MBL (Including NDM-1) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Species in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res. 9:DC08–DC13. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Neonakis IK, Baritaki S, Georgiladakis A and Spandidos DA: Analysis of the beta-lactam resistance phenotypes of Escherichia coli. An 8-year survey conducted in Greece. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol. 67:10–13. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Neonakis IK, Samonis G, Messaritakis H, Baritaki S, Georgiladakis A, Maraki S and Spandidos DA: Resistance status and evolution trends of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a university hospital in Greece: Ineffectiveness of carbapenems and increasing resistance to colistin. Chemotherapy. 56:448–452. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Sifakis S, Angelakis E, Makrigiannakis A, Orfanoudaki I, Christakis-Hampsas M, Katonis P, Tsatsakis A and Koumantakis E: Chemoprophylactic and bactericidal efficacy of 80 mg gentamicin in a single and once-daily dosing. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 272:201–206. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Petrakis I, Gonianakis C, Vrachassotakis N, Tsatsakis A, Vallilakis IS and Chalkiadakis G: Prospective study of preincisional intraparietal single-dose ceftriaxone in reducing postoperative wound infection in type I and II diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol. 36:159–162. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Neonakis IK, Spandidos DA and Petinaki E: Is minocycline a solution for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii? Future Microbiol. 9:299–305. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Youinou P, Garré M, Menez JF, Morin JF and Masse R: Protein malnutrition and deficient cell-mediated immunity in intensive care (author's transl). Nouv Presse Med. 10:3835–3837. 1981.(In French). PubMed/NCBI

19 

Neonakis IK, Spandidos DA and Petinaki E: Confronting multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A review. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 37:102–109. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Tanase A, Colita A, Ianosi G, Neagoe D, Branisteanu DE, Calina D, Docea AO, Tsatsakis A and Ianosi SL: Rare case of disseminated fusariosis in a young patient with graft vs. host disease following an allogeneic transplant. Exp Ther Med. 12:2078–2082. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Malini A, Deepa E, Gokul B and Prasad S: Nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli infections in a tertiary care hospital in kolar, karnataka. J Lab Physicians. 1:62–66. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Solomkin JS: Antibiotic resistance in postoperative infections. Crit Care Med. 29 Suppl 4:N97–N99. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Cockerill FR and Patel JB: M100-S25 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. Clin Lab Stand Inst. 35:44–49. 2015.

24 

Schentag JJ, Hyatt JM, Carr JR, Paladino JA, Birmingham MC, Zimmer GS and Cumbo TJ: Genesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), how treatment of MRSA infections has selected for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and the importance of antibiotic management and infection control. Clin Infect Dis. 26:1204–1214. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Manian FA, Meyer PL, Setzer J and Senkel D: Surgical site infections associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Do postoperative factors play a role? Clin Infect Dis. 36:863–868. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Taiwo SS: Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: A review of the molecular epidemiology, clinical significance and laboratory detection methods. West Afr J Med. 28:281–290. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Ianoşi S, Ianoşi G, Neagoe D, Ionescu O, Zlatian O, Docea AO, Badiu C, Sifaki M, Tsoukalas D, Tsatsakis AM, et al: Age-dependent endocrine disorders involved in the pathogenesis of refractory acne in women. Mol Med Rep. 14:5501–5506. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Thornsberry C and McDougal LK: Successful use of broth microdilution in susceptibility tests for methicillin-resistant (heteroresistant) staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol. 18:1084–1091. 1983.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Hiramatsu K, Kihara H and Yokota T: Analysis of borderline-resistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Immunol. 36:445–453. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Høiby N, Jarløv JO, Kemp M, Tvede M, Bangsborg JM, Kjerulf A, Pers C and Hansen H: Excretion of ciprofloxacin in sweat and multiresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lancet. 349:167–169. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Peterson LR, Quick JN, Jensen B, Homann S, Johnson S, Tenquist J, Shanholtzer C, Petzel RA, Sinn L and Gerding DN: Emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance in nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Resistance during ciprofloxacin plus rifampin therapy for methicillin-resistant S aureus colonization. Arch Intern Med. 150:2151–2155. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Tarale P, Gawande S and Jambhulkar V: Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacilli isolated from the skin of healthy humans. Braz J Microbiol. 46:1111–1118. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Berge AC, Atwill ER and Sischo WM: Assessing antibiotic resistance in fecal Escherichia coli in young calves using cluster analysis techniques. Prev Vet Med. 61:91–102. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Călina D, Docea AO, Rosu L, Zlatian O, Rosu AF, Anghelina F, Rogoveanu O, Arsene AL, Nicolae AC, Drăgoi CM, Drăgoi CM, et al: Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections. Mol Med Rep 15: 681-688, 2017.
APA
Călina, D., Docea, A.O., Rosu, L., Zlatian, O., Rosu, A.F., Anghelina, F. ... Gofita, E. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 681-688. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.6034
MLA
Călina, D., Docea, A. O., Rosu, L., Zlatian, O., Rosu, A. F., Anghelina, F., Rogoveanu, O., Arsene, A. L., Nicolae, A. C., Drăgoi, C. M., Tsiaoussis, J., Tsatsakis, A. M., Spandidos, D. A., Drakoulis, N., Gofita, E."Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.2 (2017): 681-688.
Chicago
Călina, D., Docea, A. O., Rosu, L., Zlatian, O., Rosu, A. F., Anghelina, F., Rogoveanu, O., Arsene, A. L., Nicolae, A. C., Drăgoi, C. M., Tsiaoussis, J., Tsatsakis, A. M., Spandidos, D. A., Drakoulis, N., Gofita, E."Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 2 (2017): 681-688. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.6034
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Călina D, Docea AO, Rosu L, Zlatian O, Rosu AF, Anghelina F, Rogoveanu O, Arsene AL, Nicolae AC, Drăgoi CM, Drăgoi CM, et al: Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections. Mol Med Rep 15: 681-688, 2017.
APA
Călina, D., Docea, A.O., Rosu, L., Zlatian, O., Rosu, A.F., Anghelina, F. ... Gofita, E. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 681-688. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.6034
MLA
Călina, D., Docea, A. O., Rosu, L., Zlatian, O., Rosu, A. F., Anghelina, F., Rogoveanu, O., Arsene, A. L., Nicolae, A. C., Drăgoi, C. M., Tsiaoussis, J., Tsatsakis, A. M., Spandidos, D. A., Drakoulis, N., Gofita, E."Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.2 (2017): 681-688.
Chicago
Călina, D., Docea, A. O., Rosu, L., Zlatian, O., Rosu, A. F., Anghelina, F., Rogoveanu, O., Arsene, A. L., Nicolae, A. C., Drăgoi, C. M., Tsiaoussis, J., Tsatsakis, A. M., Spandidos, D. A., Drakoulis, N., Gofita, E."Antimicrobial resistance development following surgical site infections". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 2 (2017): 681-688. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.6034
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team