Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
March-2017 Volume 15 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2017 Volume 15 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ

  • Authors:
    • Xiao Zhai
    • Xiao Chen
    • Jiancan Lu
    • Yaping Zhang
    • Xuejun Sun
    • Qin Huang
    • Qijin Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Graduate Management Unit, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1305-1312
    |
    Published online on: January 13, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6120
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a range of liver diseases, between steatosis and non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis, which are closely associated with diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have indicated that oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of NAFLD. Molecular hydrogen (H2) may ameliorate oxidative stress injuries by selectively neutralizing peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radicals. The present study evaluated the effects of H2 on NAFLD in rats and concluded that H2‑rich saline had significant therapeutic effects on NAFLD induced by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, as demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. H2‑rich saline improved fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and lowered the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin‑1 beta, 3‑nitrotyrosine and 8‑hydroxy‑2'‑deoxyguanosine in the liver. In addition, the present study revealed that H2‑rich saline could significantly increase peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ expression in hepatocytes. In conclusion, H2‑rich saline may significantly improve NAFLD, possibly by reducing oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ expression.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Adams LA, Lymp JF, St Sauver J, Sanderson SO, Lindor KD, Feldstein A and Angulo P: The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 129:113–121. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Angulo P: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 346:1221–1231. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Clark JM: The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 40:(Suppl 1). S5–S10. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ekstedt M, Franzén LE, Mathiesen UL, Thorelius L, Holmqvist M, Bodemar G and Kechagias S: Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology. 44:865–873. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Porepa L, Ray JG, Sanchez-Romeu P and Booth GL: Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for serious liver disease. CMAJ. 182:E526–E531. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Giacco F and Brownlee M: Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res. 107:1058–1070. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, Watanabe M, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, Katsura K, Katayama Y, Asoh S and Ohta S: Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med. 13:688–694. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hayashida K, Sano M, Ohsawa I, Shinmura K, Tamaki K, Kimura K, Endo J, Katayama T, Kawamura A, Kohsaka S, et al: Inhalation of hydrogen gas reduces infarct size in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 373:30–35. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Fukuda KI, Asoh S, Ishikawa M, Yamamoto Y, Ohsawa I and Ohta S: Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 361:670–674. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, McCurry KR, Bauer AJ and Nakao A: Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant. 8:2015–2024. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ohsawa I, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, Ishikawa M and Ohta S: Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 377:1195–1198. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kajiyama S, Hasegawa G, Asano M, Hosoda H, Fukui M, Nakamura N, Kitawaki J, Imai S, Nakano K, Ohta M, et al: Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr Res. 28:137–143. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Sato Y, Kajiyama S, Amano A, Kondo Y, Sasaki T, Handa S, Takahashi R, Fukui M, Hasegawa G, Nakamura N, et al: Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 375:346–350. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fu Y, Ito M, Fujita Y, Ito M, Ichihara M, Masuda A, Suzuki Y, Maesawa S, Kajita Y, Hirayama M, et al: Molecular hydrogen is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett. 453:81–85. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kamimura N, Nishimaki K, Ohsawa I and Ohta S: Molecular hydrogen improves obesity and diabetes by inducing hepatic FGF21 and stimulating energy metabolism in db/db mice. Obesity (Silver Spring). 19:1396–1403. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Garber J, Barbee R, Bielitzki J, Clayton L, Donovan J, Hendriksen C, Kohn D, Lipman N, Locke P, Melcher J, et al: Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011, PubMed/NCBI

17 

Li L, Chen L, Hu L, Liu Y, Sun HY, Tang J, Hou YJ, Chang YX, Tu QQ, Feng GS, et al: Nuclear factor high-mobility group box 1 mediating the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in hepatocytes in the early stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Hepatology. 54:1620–1630. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Nugent DA, Smith DM and Jones HB: A review of islet of Langerhans degeneration in rodent models of type 2 diabetes. Toxicol Pathol. 36:529–551. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Agwaya MS, Vuzi PC and Nandutu AM: Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous root bark extract zanthoxylum chalybeum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res. 2016:87275902016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

De Oliveira JC, Ludemann Camargo R, Barella LF, Chaves Souto Branco R, Gravena C, Grassiolli S, Torrezan R and De Cezar Freitas Mathias P: Anesthetic-induced transient hyperglycemia and insulin resistance do not depend on the sympathoadrenal axis. Minerva Endocrinol. 38:379–388. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Shi J, Yao F, Zhong C, Pan X, Yang Y and Lin Q: Hydrogen saline is protective for acute lung ischaemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Heart Lung Circ. 21:556–563. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Brunt EM, Janney CG, Di Bisceglie AM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Bacon BR: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions. Am J Gastroenterol. 94:2467–2474. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Knodell RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, Chen TS, Craig R, Kaplowitz N, Kiernan TW and Wollman J: Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology. 1:431–435. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lee GS, Yan JS, Ng RK, Kakar S and Maher JJ: Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences hepatic inflammation but not hepatocellular injury. J Lipid Res. 48:1885–1896. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhai X, Chen X, Shi J, Shi D, Ye Z, Liu W, Li M, Wang Q, Kang Z, Bi H and Sun X: Lactulose ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inducing hydrogen by activating Nrf2 expression. Free Radic Biol Med. 65:731–741. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C (T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Day CP and James OF: Steatohepatitis: A tale of two ‘hits’? Gastroenterology. 114:842–845. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Leite NC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Cardoso CR and Salles GF: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: From physiopathological interplay to diagnosis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 20:8377–8392. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Cai J, Kang Z, Liu K, Liu W, Li R, Zhang JH, Luo X and Sun X: Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen saline in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model. Brain Res. 1256:129–137. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Suzuki H, Kayama Y, Sakamoto M, Iuchi H, Shimizu I, Yoshino T, Katoh D, Nagoshi T, Tojo K, Minamino T, et al: Arachidonate 12/15-lipoxygenase-induced inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes. 64:618–630. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kim MJ and Kim HK: Anti-diabetic effects of electrolyzed reduced water in streptozotocin-induced and genetic diabetic mice. Life Sci. 79:2288–2292. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhao X, Xue J, Wang XL, Zhang Y, Deng M and Xie ML: Involvement of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ in the therapeutic effect of osthole on high-fat and high-sucrose-induced steatohepatitis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 22:176–181. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Konig B, Koch A, Spielmann J, Hilgenfeld C, Hirche F, Stangl GI and Eder K: Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma reduces triacylglycerol synthesis in rat hepatoma cells by reduction of nuclear SREBP-1. Eur J Pharmacol. 605:23–30. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Stienstra R, Mandard S, Patsouris D, Maass C, Kersten S and Muller M: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha protects against obesity-induced hepatic inflammation. Endocrinology. 148:2753–2763. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kim JC, Lee YH, Yu MK, Lee NH, Park JD, Bhattarai G and Yi HK: Anti-inflammatory mechanism of PPARγ on LPS-induced pulp cells: Role of the ROS removal activity. Arch Oral Biol. 57:392–400. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Inoue I, Goto S, Matsunaga T, Nakajima T, Awata T, Hokari S, Komoda T and Katayama S: The ligands/activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma increase Cu2+,Zn2+-superoxide dismutase and decrease p22phox message expressions in primary endothelial cells. Metabolism. 50:3–11. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhai X, Chen X, Lu J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Huang Q and Wang Q: Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ. Mol Med Rep 15: 1305-1312, 2017.
APA
Zhai, X., Chen, X., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X., Huang, Q., & Wang, Q. (2017). Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 1305-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6120
MLA
Zhai, X., Chen, X., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X., Huang, Q., Wang, Q."Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.3 (2017): 1305-1312.
Chicago
Zhai, X., Chen, X., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X., Huang, Q., Wang, Q."Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 3 (2017): 1305-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6120
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhai X, Chen X, Lu J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Huang Q and Wang Q: Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ. Mol Med Rep 15: 1305-1312, 2017.
APA
Zhai, X., Chen, X., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X., Huang, Q., & Wang, Q. (2017). Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 1305-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6120
MLA
Zhai, X., Chen, X., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X., Huang, Q., Wang, Q."Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.3 (2017): 1305-1312.
Chicago
Zhai, X., Chen, X., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X., Huang, Q., Wang, Q."Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 3 (2017): 1305-1312. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6120
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team