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Review

Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Rossella Salemi
    • Andrea Marconi
    • Valentina Di Salvatore
    • Sabrina Franco
    • Venerando Rapisarda
    • Massimo Libra
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy, Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology Sciences ‘G.F. Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
  • Pages: 3366-3371
    |
    Published online on: March 24, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6383
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Abstract

The chronic occupational exposure to contaminants and carcinogens leads to the development of cancer. Over the past decades, many carcinogens have been found in the occupational environment and their presence is often associated with an increased incidence of cancer. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the majority of carcinogens are classified as ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ human carcinogens, while, direct evidence of carcinogenicity is provided in epidemiological and experimental studies. Additionally, accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations may be early indicators of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogen exposure. In the present review, the relationship between exposures to benzene, mineral fibers, metals and epigenetic alterations are discussed as the most important cancer risk factors during work activities.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Salemi R, Marconi A, Di Salvatore V, Franco S, Rapisarda V and Libra M: Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review). Mol Med Rep 15: 3366-3371, 2017.
APA
Salemi, R., Marconi, A., Di Salvatore, V., Franco, S., Rapisarda, V., & Libra, M. (2017). Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 3366-3371. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6383
MLA
Salemi, R., Marconi, A., Di Salvatore, V., Franco, S., Rapisarda, V., Libra, M."Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.5 (2017): 3366-3371.
Chicago
Salemi, R., Marconi, A., Di Salvatore, V., Franco, S., Rapisarda, V., Libra, M."Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 5 (2017): 3366-3371. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6383
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Salemi R, Marconi A, Di Salvatore V, Franco S, Rapisarda V and Libra M: Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review). Mol Med Rep 15: 3366-3371, 2017.
APA
Salemi, R., Marconi, A., Di Salvatore, V., Franco, S., Rapisarda, V., & Libra, M. (2017). Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 3366-3371. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6383
MLA
Salemi, R., Marconi, A., Di Salvatore, V., Franco, S., Rapisarda, V., Libra, M."Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.5 (2017): 3366-3371.
Chicago
Salemi, R., Marconi, A., Di Salvatore, V., Franco, S., Rapisarda, V., Libra, M."Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 5 (2017): 3366-3371. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6383
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