|
1
|
Tang Q, Han R, Xiao H, Shen J, Luo Q and
Li J: Neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA and/or
tetramethylpyrazine in cerebral ischemic injury in vivo and in
vitro. Brain Res. 1488:81–91. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Suethanapornkul S, Kuptniratsaikul PS,
Kuptniratsaikul V, Uthensut P, Dajpratha P and Wongwisethkarn J:
Post stroke shoulder subluxation and shoulder pain: A cohort
multicenter study. J Med Assoc Thai. 91:1885–1892. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, . Lloyd-Jones D,
Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De Simone G, Ferguson TB,
Ford E, Furie K, et al: Heart disease and stroke statistics-2010
update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation.
121:e46–e215. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4
|
Urban PP, Wolf T, Uebele M, Marx JJ, Vogt
T, Stoeter P, Bauermann T, Weibrich C, Vucurevic GD, Schneider A
and Wissel J: Occurence and clinical predictors of spasticity after
ischemic stroke. Stroke. 41:2016–2020. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Raichle ME: The pathophysiology of brain
ischemia. Ann Neurol. 13:2–10. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Lees KR, Bluhmki E, von Kummer R, Brott
TG, Toni D, Grotta JC, Albers GW, Kaste M, Marler JR, Hamilton SA,
et al: Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in
stroke: An updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and
EPITHET trials. Lancet. 375:1695–1703. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Brinkmann V, Davis MD, Heise CE, Albert R,
Cottens S, Hof R, Bruns C, Prieschl E, Baumruker T, Hiestand P, et
al: The immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate
receptors. J Biol Chem. 277:21453–21457. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Yagi H, Kamba R, Chiba K, Soga H, Yaguchi
K, Nakamura M and Itoh T: Immunosuppressant FTY720 inhibits
thymocyte emigration. Eur J Immunol. 30:1435–1444. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Brinkmann V, Pinschewer DD, Feng L and
Chen S: FTY720: Altered lymphocyte traffic results in allograft
protection. Transplantation. 72:764–769. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Jung CG, Kim HJ, Miron VE, Cook S, Kennedy
TE, Foster CA, Antel JP and Soliven B: Functional consequences of
S1P receptor modulation in rat oligodendroglial lineage cells.
Glia. 55:1656–1667. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Cannon RE, Peart JC, Hawkins BT, Campos CR
and Miller DS: Targeting blood-brain barrier sphingolipid signaling
reduces basal P-glycoprotein activity and improves drug delivery to
the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:15930–15935. 2012.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Cohen JA and Chun J: Mechanisms of
fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis.
Ann Neurol. 69:759–777. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Hasegawa Y, Suzuki H, Sozen T, Rolland W
and Zhang JH: Activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 by
FTY720 is neuroprotective after ischemic stroke in rats. Stroke.
41:368–374. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Wei Y, Yemisci M, Kim HH, Yung LM, Shin
HK, Hwang SK, Guo S, Qin T, Alsharif N, Brinkmann V, et al:
Fingolimod provides long-term protection in rodent models of
cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol. 69:119–129. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15
|
Zhang B, Tanaka J, Yang L, Yang L,
Sakanaka M, Hata R, Maeda N and Mitsuda N: Protective effect of
vitamin E against focal brain ischemia and neuronal death through
induction of target genes of hypoxia-inducible factor-1.
Neuroscience. 126:433–440. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Broussas M, Broyer L and Goetsch L:
Evaluation of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity using lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) measurement. Methods Mol Biol. 988:305–317.
2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Barreto G, White RE, Ouyang Y, Xu L and
Giffard RG: Astrocytes: Targets for neuroprotection in stroke. Cent
Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 11:164–173. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Sofroniew MV and Vinters HV: Astrocytes:
Biology and pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 119:7–35. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, Polman C,
Hohlfeld R, Calabresi P, Selmaj K, Agoropoulou C, Leyk M,
Zhang-Auberson L, et al: A placebo-controlled trial of oral
fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med.
362:387–401. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Shichita T, Sugiyama Y, Ooboshi H,
Sugimori H, Nakagawa R, Takada I, Iwaki T, Okada Y, Iida M, Cua DJ,
et al: Pivotal role of cerebral interleukin-17-producing
gammadeltaT cells in the delayed phase of ischemic brain injury.
Nat Med. 15:946–950. 2009. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
Brunkhorst R, Kanaan N, Koch A, Ferreirós
N, Mirceska A, Zeiner P, Mittelbronn M, Derouiche A, Steinmetz H,
Foerch C, et al: FTY720 treatment in the convalescence period
improves functional recovery and reduces reactive astrogliosis in
photothrombotic stroke. PLoS One. 8:e701242013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Czech B, Pfeilschifter W, Mazaheri-Omrani
N, Strobel MA, Kahles T, Neumann-Haefelin T, Rami A, Huwiler A and
Pfeilschifter J: The immunomodulatory sphingosine 1-phosphate
analog FTY720 reduces lesion size and improves neurological outcome
in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
389:251–256. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23
|
Kraft P, Göb E, Schuhmann MK, Göbel K,
Deppermann C, Thielmann I, Herrmann AM, Lorenz K, Brede M, Stoll G,
et al: FTY720 ameliorates acute ischemic stroke in mice by reducing
thrombo-inflammation but not by direct neuroprotection. Stroke.
44:3202–3210. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Jin R, Yang G and Li G: Inflammatory
mechanisms in ischemic stroke: Role of inflammatory cells. J Leukoc
Biol. 87:779–789. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Huang J, Upadhyay UM and Tamargo RJ:
Inflammation in stroke and focal cerebral ischemia. Surg Neurol.
66:232–245. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
De Simoni MG, Milia P, Barba M, De Luigi
A, Parnetti L and Gallai V: The inflammatory response in cerebral
ischemia: Focus on cytokines in stroke patients. Clin Exp
Hypertens. 24:535–542. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Matsuo Y, Onodera H, Shiga Y, Shozuhara H,
Ninomiya M, Kihara T, Tamatani T, Miyasaka M and Kogure K: Role of
cell adhesion molecules in brain injury after transient middle
cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Brain Res. 656:344–352. 1994.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Connolly ES Jr, Winfree CJ, Springer TA,
Naka Y, Liao H, Yan SD, Stern DM, Solomon RA, Gutierrez-Ramos JC
and Pinsky DJ: Cerebral protection in homozygous null ICAM-1 mice
after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Role of neutrophil adhesion
in the pathogenesis of stroke. J Clin Invest. 97:209–216. 1996.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Saito K, Suyama K, Nishida K, Sei Y and
Basile AS: Early increases in TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta levels
following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbil brain. Neurosci
Lett. 206:149–152. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Wang X, Ellison JA, Siren AL, Lysko PG,
Yue TL, Barone FC, Shatzman A and Feuerstein GZ: Prolonged
expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 in ischemic cortex
after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rat. J
Neurochem. 71:1194–1204. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31
|
Merrill JE and Benveniste EN: Cytokines in
inflammatory brain lesions: Helpful and harmful. Trends Neurosci.
19:331–338. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32
|
Lyden P and Wahlgren NG: Mechanisms of
action of neuroprotectants in stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis.
9:9–14. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A, Giustarini D,
Cavarra E, Tell G, Lungarella G, Colombo R, Rossi R and Milzani A:
Proteins as biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress in diseases:
The contribution of redox proteomics. Mass Spectrom Rev. 24:55–99.
2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Elbirt KK and Bonkovsky HL: Heme
oxygenase: Recent advances in understanding its regulation and
role. Proc Assoc Am Physicians. 111:438–447. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Schipper HM: Heme oxygenase expression in
human central nervous system disorders. Free Radic Biol Med.
37:1995–2011. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36
|
Wu ML, Ho YC, Lin CY and Yet SF: Heme
oxygenase-1 in inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Am J
Cardiovasc Dis. 1:150–158. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Chao XD, Ma YH, Luo P, Cao L, Lau WB, Zhao
BC, Han F, Liu W, Ning WD, Su N, et al: Up-regulation of heme
oxygenase-1 attenuates brain damage after cerebral ischemia via
simultaneous inhibition of superoxide production and preservation
of NO bioavailability. Exp Neurol. 239:163–169. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Panahian N, Yoshiura M and Maines MD:
Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 is neuroprotective in a model of
permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in transgenic mice. J
Neurochem. 72:1187–1203. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
39
|
Chan PH, Kawase M, Murakami K, Chen SF, Li
Y, Calagui B, Reola L, Carlson E and Epstein CJ: Overexpression of
SOD1 in transgenic rats protects vulnerable neurons against
ischemic damage after global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. J
Neurosci. 18:8292–8299. 1998.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
40
|
Gurney ME, Cutting FB, Zhai P, Doble A,
Taylor CP, Andrus PK and Hall ED: Benefit of vitamin E, riluzole,
and gabapentin in a transgenic model of familial amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 39:147–157. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
