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Article Open Access

Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate

  • Authors:
    • Shiyi Dong
    • Yadong Zhang
    • Hongzhang Huang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Dong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5915-5923
    |
    Published online on: August 22, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7327
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Abstract

The current study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in cleft palate induced by all‑trans retinoic acid (atRA). To establish a cleft palate model in C57BL/6J mice, pregnant mice were administered atRA (100 mg/kg) by gavage at the tenth embryonic stage (E10.0). Control groups were given the equivalent volume of corn oil. Pregnant mice were dissected at E12.5, E13.5 and E14.5 to obtain the embryonic palates. The expression levels of RBP4 in the embryonic palatal mesenchyme (EPM) were determined by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting. Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells were exposed to atRA to detect the variation in RBP4 induced by atRA in vitro. Small interfering RNA was used to suppress the expression of RBP4, and a plasmid overexpressing RBP4 was used to examine upregulated expression. The cell counting kit‑8 assay was used to evaluate the effect of RBP4 on cell proliferation. The expression levels of p27 and cyclin D1 were determined by RT‑qPCR and western blotting, while the expression levels of extracellular signal‑related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and protein kinase B (AKT) were assessed by western blotting. At E14.5, RBP4 was strongly expressed in the EPM, while it was downregulated following atRA treatment, which induced cleft palate in vivo. In vitro experiments indicated that atRA suppressed the expression of RBP4 and altered the expression of p27 and cyclin D1 to cause growth inhibition. Knockdown of RBP4 resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased p27, and suppressed proliferation. Overexpression of RBP4 reversed the inhibitory effect of atRA and promoted proliferation via the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. These results suggested that RBP4 was involved in cleft palate induced by atRA and it can be suppressed by atRA to cause growth inhibition in the embryonic palate.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dong S, Zhang Y and Huang H: Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate. Mol Med Rep 16: 5915-5923, 2017.
APA
Dong, S., Zhang, Y., & Huang, H. (2017). Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 5915-5923. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7327
MLA
Dong, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, H."Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 5915-5923.
Chicago
Dong, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, H."Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 5915-5923. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7327
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Dong S, Zhang Y and Huang H: Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate. Mol Med Rep 16: 5915-5923, 2017.
APA
Dong, S., Zhang, Y., & Huang, H. (2017). Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 5915-5923. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7327
MLA
Dong, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, H."Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 5915-5923.
Chicago
Dong, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, H."Involvement of RBP4 in all‑trans retinoic acid induced cleft palate". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 5915-5923. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7327
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