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In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Lihua Jia
    • Juan Wang
    • Tong Wu
    • Jinan Wu
    • Junqi Ling
    • Bin Cheng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China, Department of Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Jia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5779-5786
    |
    Published online on: August 23, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7342
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Abstract

Chloroquine, which is a widely used antimalarial drug, has been reported to exert anticancer activity in some tumor types; however, its potential effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of chloroquine against OSCC. MTT and clonogenic assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of chloroquine on the human OSCC cell lines SCC25 and CAL27. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. Autophagy was monitored using microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 as an autophagosomal marker. In order to determine the in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on OSCC, a CAL27 xenograft model was used. The results demonstrated that chloroquine markedly inhibited the proliferation and the colony‑forming ability of both OSCC cell lines in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner in vitro. Chloroquine also disrupted the cell cycle, resulting in the cell cycle arrest of CAL27 and SCC25 cells at G0/G1 phase, via downregulation of cyclin D1. In addition, chloroquine inhibited autophagy, and induced autophagosome and autolysosome accumulation in the cytoplasm, thus interfering with degradation; however, OSCC apoptosis was barely affected by chloroquine. The results of the in vivo study demonstrated that chloroquine effectively inhibited OSCC tumor growth in the CAL27 xenograft model. In conclusion, the present study reported the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on OSCC, and the results indicated that chloroquine may be considered a potent therapeutic agent against human OSCC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jia L, Wang J, Wu T, Wu J, Ling J and Cheng B: In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 16: 5779-5786, 2017.
APA
Jia, L., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, J., Ling, J., & Cheng, B. (2017). In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 5779-5786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7342
MLA
Jia, L., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, J., Ling, J., Cheng, B."In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 5779-5786.
Chicago
Jia, L., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, J., Ling, J., Cheng, B."In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 5779-5786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7342
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jia L, Wang J, Wu T, Wu J, Ling J and Cheng B: In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 16: 5779-5786, 2017.
APA
Jia, L., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, J., Ling, J., & Cheng, B. (2017). In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 5779-5786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7342
MLA
Jia, L., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, J., Ling, J., Cheng, B."In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 5779-5786.
Chicago
Jia, L., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, J., Ling, J., Cheng, B."In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 5779-5786. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7342
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