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Article

Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression

  • Authors:
    • Shaowei Mao
    • Guoliang Lu
    • Xiaopeng Lan
    • Chuanwei Yuan
    • Wei Jiang
    • Yougen Chen
    • Xunbo Jin
    • Qinghua Xia
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China, Department of Urology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257000, P.R. China
  • Pages: 6190-6199
    |
    Published online on: August 29, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7394
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Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy in urogenital neoplasms worldwide. According to previous studies, valproic acid (VPA), an anticonvulsant drug, can suppress tumor metastasis and decrease the expression level of Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) and therefore may inhibit epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is responsible for cancer metastasis. However, the association between VPA, EMT and SMAD4 in RCC metastasis remains obscure. In the present study, it was demonstrated that in the RCC cell lines 786‑O and Caki‑1 treated with VPA, the neural (N)‑cadherin, vimentin and SMAD4 protein and mRNA levels were decreased, accompanied with an increase in expression of epithelial (E)‑cadherin. Silencing SMAD4 expression decreased the expression of EMT markers, including N‑cadherin and simultaneously upregulated E‑cadherin in RCC cell lines. SMAD4 overexpression counteracted the VPA‑mediated EMT‑inhibitory effect (P<0.05). The present study demonstrates that VPA inhibited EMT in RCC cells via altering SMAD4 expression. In addition, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) and low expression of SMAD4 was associated with a lower Fuhrman grade and low expression of transcription intermediary factor 1‑γ was associated with a higher tumor Fuhrman grade (P<0.05), Therefore, based on the regulatory effect of SMAD4 on EMT‑associated transcription factors, SMAD4 which can form a SMAD3/SMAD4 complex induced by TGF‑β, could be a potential anticancer drug target inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis in RCC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Mao S, Lu G, Lan X, Yuan C, Jiang W, Chen Y, Jin X and Xia Q: Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression. Mol Med Rep 16: 6190-6199, 2017.
APA
Mao, S., Lu, G., Lan, X., Yuan, C., Jiang, W., Chen, Y. ... Xia, Q. (2017). Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 6190-6199. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7394
MLA
Mao, S., Lu, G., Lan, X., Yuan, C., Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Jin, X., Xia, Q."Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 6190-6199.
Chicago
Mao, S., Lu, G., Lan, X., Yuan, C., Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Jin, X., Xia, Q."Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 6190-6199. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7394
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Mao S, Lu G, Lan X, Yuan C, Jiang W, Chen Y, Jin X and Xia Q: Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression. Mol Med Rep 16: 6190-6199, 2017.
APA
Mao, S., Lu, G., Lan, X., Yuan, C., Jiang, W., Chen, Y. ... Xia, Q. (2017). Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 6190-6199. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7394
MLA
Mao, S., Lu, G., Lan, X., Yuan, C., Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Jin, X., Xia, Q."Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 6190-6199.
Chicago
Mao, S., Lu, G., Lan, X., Yuan, C., Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Jin, X., Xia, Q."Valproic acid inhibits epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by decreasing SMAD4 expression". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 6190-6199. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7394
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