Open Access

N‑acetylcysteine induces apoptosis via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway but not via endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cells

  • Authors:
    • Yuyong Liu
    • Ke Liu
    • Nian Wang
    • Huali Zhang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 8, 2017     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7442
  • Pages: 6626-6633
  • Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

N‑acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, is a widely used thiol‑containing antioxidant and modulator of the intracellular redox state. Our previous study demonstrated that excess reduced glutathione (GSH) from NAC treatment paradoxically led to a reduction in glutathione redox potential, increased mitochondrial oxidation and caused cytotoxicity at lower reactive oxygen species levels in H9c2 cells. However, no detailed data are available on the molecular mechanisms of NAC‑induced cytotoxicity on H9c2 cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that NAC‑induced cytotoxicity towards H9c2 cells was associated with apoptosis. The activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3, and cleavage of procaspase‑9 and ‑3, but not of caspase‑8, were involved in NAC‑induced apoptosis. The dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c, translocation of B cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein (Bax) to the mitochondria, and the increased ratio of Bax/Bcl‑2 mRNA indicated that NAC treatment‑induced apoptosis occurred mainly through the mitochondria‑dependent pathway. Redox western blot analysis demonstrated that NAC did not disrupt the highly oxidized environment of the endoplasmic reticulum, which was indicated by maintenance of the oxidized form of protein disulfide isomerase, an essential chaperone in the formation of disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, no significant changes in the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein or C/EBP homologous protein were apparent in the process of NAC‑induced apoptosis. Taken together, the present study demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that NAC induced apoptosis via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway but not via endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cells, and the exogenous GSH from NAC did not alter the oxidized milieu of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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November-2017
Volume 16 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Liu Y, Liu K, Wang N and Zhang H: N‑acetylcysteine induces apoptosis via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway but not via endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cells. Mol Med Rep 16: 6626-6633, 2017
APA
Liu, Y., Liu, K., Wang, N., & Zhang, H. (2017). N‑acetylcysteine induces apoptosis via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway but not via endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 6626-6633. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7442
MLA
Liu, Y., Liu, K., Wang, N., Zhang, H."N‑acetylcysteine induces apoptosis via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway but not via endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 6626-6633.
Chicago
Liu, Y., Liu, K., Wang, N., Zhang, H."N‑acetylcysteine induces apoptosis via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway but not via endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9c2 cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 6626-6633. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7442