Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 16 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 16 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis

  • Authors:
    • Yonggang Xu
    • Jie Wang
    • Yanbin Xu
    • Hong Xiao
    • Jianhua Li
    • Zhi Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 6580-6589
    |
    Published online on: September 12, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7471
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Malignant gliomas are high‑grade gliomas, which are derived from glial cells in the spine or brain. To examine the mechanisms underlying malignant gliomas in the present study, the expression profile of GSE54004, which included 12 grade II astrocytomas, 33 grade III astrocytomas and 98 grade IV astrocytomas, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Using the Limma package in R, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in grade III, vs. grade II astrocytoma, grade IV, vs. grade II astrocytoma, and grade IV, vs. grade III astrocytoma were analyzed. Venn diagram analysis and enrichment analyses were performed separately for the DEGs using VennPlex software and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein‑protein interaction (PPI) networks were visualized using Cytoscape software, and subsequent module analysis of the PPI networks was performed using the ClusterONE tool. Finally, glioma‑associated genes and glioma marker genes among the DEGs were identified using the CTD database. A total of 27, 1,446 and 776 DEGs were screened for the grade III, vs. grade II, grade IV, vs. grade II, and grade IV, vs. grade III astrocytoma comparison groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses showed that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and chitinase 3‑like 1 (CHI3L1) were enriched in the extracellular matrix and extracellular matrix structural constituent, respectively. In the PPI networks, annexin A1 (ANXA1) had a higher degree and MMP9 had interactions with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). There were 10 common glioma marker genes between the grade IV, vs. grade II and the grade IV, vs. grade III comparison groups, including MMP9, CHI3L1, VEGFA and S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4). This suggested that MMP9, CHI3L1, VEGFA, S100A4 and ANXA1 may be involved in the progression of malignant gliomas.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Mamelak AN and Jacoby DB: Targeted delivery of antitumoral therapy to glioma and other malignancies with synthetic chlorotoxin (TM-601). Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 4:175–186. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Goodenberger ML and Jenkins RB: Genetics of adult glioma. Cancer Genet. 205:613–621. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kleihues P, Soylemezoglu F, Schäuble B, Scheithauer BW and Burger PC: Histopathology, classification, and grading of gliomas. Glia. 15:211–221. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW and Kleihues P: The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol. 114:97–109. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Bleeker FE, Molenaar RJ and Leenstra S: Recent advances in the molecular understanding of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol. 108:11–27. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pollack IF, Finkelstein SD, Woods J, Burnham J, Holmes EJ, Hamilton RL, Yates AJ, Boyett JM, Finlay JL and Sposto R; Children's Cancer Group, : Expression of p53 and prognosis in children with malignant gliomas. N Engl J Med. 346:420–427. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hirose Y, Berger MS and Pieper RO: p53 effects both the duration of G2/M arrest and the fate of temozolomide-treated human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 61:1957–1963. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Pyrko P, Schönthal AH, Hofman FM, Chen TC and Lee AS: The unfolded protein response regulator GRP78/BiP as a novel target for increasing chemosensitivity in malignant gliomas. Cancer Res. 67:9809–9816. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T, Hamou MF, de Tribolet N, Weller M, Kros JM, Hainfellner JA, Mason W, Mariani L, et al: MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 352:997–1003. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Fujiwara S, Nakagawa K, Harada H, Nagato S, Furukawa K, Teraoka M, Seno T, Oka K, Iwata S and Ohnishi T: Silencing hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha inhibits cell migration and invasion under hypoxic environment in malignant gliomas. Int J Oncol. 30:793–802. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zagzag D, Lukyanov Y, Lan L, Ali MA, Esencay M, Mendez O, Yee H, Voura EB and Newcomb EW: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and VEGF upregulate CXCR4 in glioblastoma: Implications for angiogenesis and glioma cell invasion. Lab Invest. 86:1221–1232. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Roth W, Isenmann S, Nakamura M, Platten M, Wick W, Kleihues P, Bähr M, Ohgaki H, Ashkenazi A and Weller M: Soluble decoy receptor 3 is expressed by malignant gliomas and suppresses CD95 ligand-induced apoptosis and chemotaxis. Cancer Res. 61:2759–2765. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Osada H, Tokunaga T, Nishi M, Hatanaka H, Abe Y, Tsugu A, Kijima H, Yamazaki H, Ueyama Y and Nakamura M: Overexpression of the neuropilin 1 (NRP1) gene correlated with poor prognosis in human glioma. Anticancer Res. 24:547–552. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Zhang L, Shen A, Ke Q, Zhao W, Yan M and Cheng C: Spy1 is frequently overexpressed in malignant gliomas and critically regulates the proliferation of glioma cells. J Mol Neurosci. 47:485–494. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Guan X, Vengoechea J, Zheng S, Sloan AE, Chen Y, Brat DJ, O'Neill BP, de Groot J, Yust-Katz S, Yung WK, et al: Molecular subtypes of glioblastoma are relevant to lower grade glioma. PLoS One. 9:e912162014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W and Smyth GK: Limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:e472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Cai H, Chen H, Yi T, Daimon CM, Boyle JP, Peers C, Maudsley S and Martin B: VennPlex-a novel Venn diagram program for comparing and visualizing datasets with differentially regulated datapoints. PLoS One. 8:e533882013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Harris MA, Clark J, Ireland A, Lomax J, Ashburner M, Foulger R, Eilbeck K, Lewis S, Marshall B, Mungall C, et al: The Gene Ontology (GO) database and informatics resource. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(Database Issue): D258–D261. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Kanehisa M, Goto S, Kawashima S, Okuno Y and Hattori M: The KEGG resource for deciphering the genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(Database Issue): D277–D280. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Jensen LJ, Kuhn M, Stark M, Chaffron S, Creevey C, Muller J, Doerks T, Julien P, Roth A, Simonovic M, et al: STRING 8-a global view on proteins and their functional interactions in 630 organisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 37(Database Issue): D412–D416. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Wyder S, Forslund K, Heller D, Huerta-Cepas J, Simonovic M, Roth A, Santos A, Tsafou KP, et al: STRING v10: Protein-protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life. Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Database Issue): D447–D452. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Saito R, Smoot ME, Ono K, Ruscheinski J, Wang PL, Lotia S, Pico AR, Bader GD and Ideker T: A travel guide to Cytoscape plugins. Nat Methods. 9:1069–1076. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Nepusz T, Yu H and Paccanaro A: Detecting overlapping protein complexes in protein-protein interaction networks. Nat Methods. 9:471–472. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Davis AP, Grondin CJ, Lennon-Hopkins K, Saraceni-Richards C, Sciaky D, King BL, Wiegers TC and Mattingly CJ: The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database's 10th year anniversary: Update 2015. Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Database Issue): D914–D920. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lakka SS, Gondi CS, Yanamandra N, Olivero WC, Dinh DH, Gujrati M and Rao JS: Inhibition of cathepsin B and MMP-9 gene expression in glioblastoma cell line via RNA interference reduces tumor cell invasion, tumor growth and angiogenesis. Oncogene. 23:4681–4689. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sun C, Wang Q, Zhou H, Yu S, Simard AR, Kang C, Li Y, Kong Y, An T, Wen Y, et al: Antisense MMP-9 RNA inhibits malignant glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Neurosci Bull. 29:83–93. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Gondi CS, Lakka SS, Dinh DH, Olivero WC, Gujrati M and Rao JS: Downregulation of uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 using small, interfering, hairpin RNA (siRNA) inhibits glioma cell invasion, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Neuron Glia Biol. 1:165–176. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wang M, Wang T, Liu S, Yoshida D and Teramoto A: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 in human gliomas of different pathological grades. Brain Tumor Pathol. 20:65–72. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Hormigo A, Gu B, Karimi S, Riedel E, Panageas KS, Edgar MA, Tanwar MK, Rao JS, Fleisher M, DeAngelis LM and Holland EC: YKL-40 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 as potential serum biomarkers for patients with high-grade gliomas. Clin Cancer Res. 12:5698–5704. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ku BM, Lee YK, Ryu J, Jeong JY, Choi J, Eun KM, Shin HY, Kim DG, Hwang EM, Yoo JC, et al: CHI3L1 (YKL-40) is expressed in human gliomas and regulates the invasion, growth and survival of glioma cells. Int J Cancer. 128:1316–1326. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Tanwar MK, Gilbert MR and Holland EC: Gene expression microarray analysis reveals YKL-40 to be a potential serum marker for malignant character in human glioma. Cancer Res. 62:4364–4368. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ulrich TA, de Juan Pardo EM and Kumar S: The mechanical rigidity of the extracellular matrix regulates the structure, motility, and proliferation of glioma cells. Cancer Res. 69:4167–4174. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Bellail AC, Hunter SB, Brat DJ, Tan C and Van Meir EG: Microregional extracellular matrix heterogeneity in brain modulates glioma cell invasion. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 36:1046–1069. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Carlson MR, Pope WB, Horvath S, Braunstein JG, Nghiemphu P, Tso CL, Mellinghoff I, Lai A, Liau LM, Mischel PS, et al: Relationship between survival and edema in malignant gliomas: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and neuronal pentraxin 2. Clin Cancer Res. 13:2592–2598. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Johansson M, Brännström T, Bergenheim AT and Henriksson R: Spatial expression of VEGF-A in human glioma. J Neurooncol. 59:1–6. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Gong J, Zhu S, Zhang Y and Wang J: Interplay of VEGFa and MMP2 regulates invasion of glioblastoma. Tumor Biol. 35:11879–11885. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Liang J, Piao Y, Holmes L, Fuller GN, Henry V, Tiao N and de Groot JF: Neutrophils promote the malignant glioma phenotype through S100A4. Clin Cancer Res. 20:187–198. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Takenaga K, Nygren J, Zelenina M, Ohira M, Iuchi T, Lukanidin E, Sjöquist M and Kozlova EN: Modified expression of Mts1/S100A4 protein in C6 glioma cells or surrounding astrocytes affects migration of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Dis. 25:455–463. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Cheng SX, Tu Y and Zhang S: FoxM1 promotes glioma cells progression by up-regulating Anxa1 expression. PLoS One. 8:e723762013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Festa M, Caputo M, Cipolla C, D'Acunto C, Rossi A, Tecce M and Capasso A: The involvement of xanthohumol in the expression of annexin in human malignant glioblastoma cells. Open Biochem J. 7:1–10. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Xiao H, Li J and Wang Z: Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 16: 6580-6589, 2017.
APA
Xu, Y., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Xiao, H., Li, J., & Wang, Z. (2017). Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 6580-6589. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7471
MLA
Xu, Y., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Xiao, H., Li, J., Wang, Z."Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 6580-6589.
Chicago
Xu, Y., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Xiao, H., Li, J., Wang, Z."Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 6580-6589. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7471
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Xiao H, Li J and Wang Z: Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 16: 6580-6589, 2017.
APA
Xu, Y., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Xiao, H., Li, J., & Wang, Z. (2017). Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 6580-6589. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7471
MLA
Xu, Y., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Xiao, H., Li, J., Wang, Z."Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 6580-6589.
Chicago
Xu, Y., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Xiao, H., Li, J., Wang, Z."Screening critical genes associated with malignant glioma using bioinformatics analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 6580-6589. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7471
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team