Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways

  • Authors:
    • Chang‑Rong Wan
    • Dan‑Dan Han
    • Jian‑Qin Xu
    • Peng Yin
    • Xiao‑Long Xu
    • Chen Mei
    • Feng‑Hua Liu
    • Zhao‑Fei Xia
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: CAU‑BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Disease, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1132-1140
    |
    Published online on: November 2, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7938
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure. Jujuboside A (JUA) is a type of saponin isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that JUA possesses multiple biological effects, including antianxiety, antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of JUA on norepinephrine (NE)‑induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. Rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with JUA and were then exposed to NE as an in vitro model of myocardial apoptosis. A cell viability assay, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, all revealed that NE induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. The results demonstrated that NE inhibited cell viability, and enhanced cell damage and apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Conversely, pretreatment with JUA was able to reverse NE‑induced decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, JUA suppressed upregulation of the B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein/Bcl‑2 ratio, and inhibited the increased protein expression levels of cleaved caspase‑3 and cleaved caspase‑9 following NE exposure. However, the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase‑12 and cleaved caspase‑8 were not significantly altered following exposure to NE or JUA pretreatment. In addition, in JUA‑pretreated cells, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑p38 and p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase were downregulated compared with in NE‑treated cells. Furthermore, JUA regulated the activation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) in NE‑treated cells and significantly increased the expression levels of p‑AKT. Taken together, these data suggested that JUA may protect against NE‑induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via modulation of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase and AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, JUA may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of heart disease.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Ahuja P, Sdek P and MacLellan WR: Cardiac myocyte cell cycle control in development, disease, and regeneration. Physiol Rev. 87:521–544. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Liu B, Che W, Xue J, Zheng C, Tang K, Zhang J, Wen J and Xu Y: SIRT4 prevents hypoxia-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 32:655–662. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lai KB, Sanderson JE and Yu CM: High dose norepinephrine-induced apoptosis in cultured rat cardiac fibroblast. Int J Cardiol. 136:33–39. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Lameris TW, de Zeeuw S, Alberts G, Boomsma F, Duncker DJ, Verdouw PD, Veld AJ and van Den Meiracker AH: Time course and mechanism of myocardial catecholamine release during transient ischemia in vivo. Circulation. 101:2645–2650. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Fu YC, Chi CS, Yin SC, Hwang B, Chiu YT and Hsu SL: Norepinephrine induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through a reactive oxygen species-TNF alpha-caspase signaling pathway. Cardiovasc Res. 62:558–567. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Thakur A, Alam MJ, Ajayakumar MR, Ghaskadbi S, Sharma M and Goswami SK: Norepinephrinr-induced apoptotic and hypertrophic responses in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts are characterized by different repertoire of reactive oxygen species generation. Redox Bio. 5:243–252. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Wan C, Chen Y, Yin P, Han D, Xu X, He S, Liu M, Hou X, Liu F and Xu J: Transport stress induces apoptosis in rat myocardial tissue via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Heart Vessels. 31:212–221. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

You ZL, Xia Q, Liang FR, Tang YJ, Xu CL, Huang J, Zhao L, Zhang WZ and He JJ: Effects on the expression of GABAA receptor subunits by jujuboside A treatment in rat hippocampal neurons. J Ethnopharmacol. 128:419–423. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Liu Z, Zhao X, Liu B, Liu AJ, Li H, Mao X, Wu B, Bi KS and Jia Y: Jujuboside A, a neuroprotective agent from semen Ziziphi Spinosae ameliorates behavioral disorders of the dementia mouse model induced by Aβ 1–42. Eur J Pharmacol. 738:206–213. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cao JX, Zhang QY, Cui SY, Cui XY, Zhang J, Zhang YH, Bai YJ and Zhao YY: Hypnotic effect of jujubosides from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae. J Ethnopharmacol. 130:163–166. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wang XX, Ma GI, Xie JB and Pang GC: Influence of JuA in evoking communication changes between the small intestines and brain tissues of rats and the GABAA and GABAB receptor transcription levels of hippocampal neurons. J Ethnopharmacol. 159:215–223. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Han D, Wan C, Liu F, Xu X, Jiang L and Xu J: Jujuboside A protects H9C2 cells from isoproterenol-induced injury via activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016:95937162016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fu YC, Chi CS, Yin SC, Hwang B, Chiu YT and Hsu SL: Norepinephrine induces apoptosis in neonatal rat endothelial cells via down-regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of beta-adrenergic and caspase-2 pathways. Cardiovasc Res. 61:143–151. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Kohli S, Chhabra A, Jaiswal A, Rustagi Y, Sharma M and Rani V: Curcumin suppresses gelatinase B mediated norepinephrine induced stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. PLoS One. 8:e765192013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhang C, Shan XL, Liao YL, Zhao P, Guo W, Wei HC and Lu R: Effects of stachydrine on norepinephrine-induced neonatal rat cardiac myocytes hypertrophy and intracellular calcium transients. BMC Complement Altern Med. 14:4742014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Jain A, Atale N, Kohli S, Bhattacharya S, Sharma M and Rani V: An assessment of norepinephrine mediated hypertrophy to apoptosis transition in cardiac cells: A signal for cell death. Chem Biol Interact. 225:54–62. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Gao QH, Wu CS and Wang M: The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit: A review of current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. J Agr Food Chem. 61:3351–3363. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Shou CH, Wang J, Zheng XX and Guo DW: Inhibitory effect of jujuboside A on penicillin sodium induced hyperactivity in rat hippocampal CA1 area in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 22:986–990. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Communal C, Singh K, Pimentel DR and Colucci WS: Norepinephrine stimulates apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the beta-adrenergic pathway. Circulation. 98:1329–1334. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Lajevic MD, Suleiman S, Cohen RL and Chambers DA: Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by norepinephrine in T-lineage cells. J Immunol. 132:197–208. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Jürgensmeier JM, Xie Z, Deveraux Q, Ellerby L, Bredesen D and Reed JC: Bax directly induces release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:4997–5002. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

McDonald TE, Grinman MN, Carthy CM and Walley KR: Endotoxin infusion in rats induces apoptotic and survival pathways in hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 279:H2053–H2061. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bratton SB, Walker G, Srinivasula SM, Sun XM, Butterworth M, Alnemri ES and Cohen GM: Recruitment, activation and retention of caspases-9 and −3 by Apaf-1 apoptosome and associated XIAP complexes. Embo J. 20:998–1009. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Agata N, Ahmad R, Kawano T, Raina D, Kharbanda S and Kufe D: MUC1 oncoprotein blocks death receptor-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting recruitment of caspase-8. Cancer Res. 68:6136–6144. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Funakoshi T, Aki T, Nakayama H, Watanuki Y, Imori S and Uemura K: Reactive oxygen species-independent rapid initiation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by chelerythrine. Toxicol In vitro. 25:1581–1587. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Liu L, Zhang Z and Xing D: Cell death via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway due to activation of Bax by lysosomal photodamage. Free Radical Bio Med. 51:53–68. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Nakagawa T, Zhu H, Morishima N, Li E, Xu J, Yankner BA and Yuan J: Caspase-12 mediates endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptosis and cytotoxicity by amyloid-beta. Nature. 403:98–103. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhu W, Zou Y, Aikawa R, Harada K, Kudoh S, Uozumi H, Hayashi D, Gu Y, Yamazaki T, Nagai R, et al: MAPK superfamily plays an important role in daunomycin-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 100:2100–2107. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Chang F, Liu J, Fu H, Wang J, Li F, Yue H, Li W, Zhao J and Yin D: GSK-3β promotes PA-induced apoptosis througu changing β-arrestin 2 nucleus location in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis. 21:1045–1055. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Wang G, Cui J, Guo Y, Wang Y, Kang L and Liu L: Cyclosporin A protectes H9c2 cells against chemical hypoxia-induced injury via inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway. Int Heart J. 57:483–489. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Liu Y, Zhang S, Su D, Liu J, Cheng Y, Zou L, Li W and Jiang Y: Inhibiting (pro)renin receptor-mediated p38 MAPK signaling decreases hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 403:267–276. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Song YH, Cai H, Zhao ZM, Chang WJ, Gu N, Cao SP and Wu ML: Icariin attenuated oxidative stress induced-cardiac apoptosis by mitochondria protection and ERK activation. Biomed Pharmacother. 83:1089–1094. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Baines CP and Molkentin JD: STRESS signaling pathways that modulate cardiac myocyte apoptosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 38:47–62. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ma L, Liu H, Xie Z, Yang S, Xu W, Hou J and Yu B: Ginsenoside Rb3 protects cardiomyocytes against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the inhibition of JNK-mediated NF-κB pathway: A mouse cardiomyocyte model. PLoS One. 9:e1036282014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Downward J: PI3-kinase, Akt and cell survival. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 15:177–182. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yin P, Xu J, He S, Liu F, Yin J, Wan C, Mei C, Yin Y, Xu X and Xia Z: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in heat- and shake-induced injury in the rat small intestine. PLoS One. 10:e01439222015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wang X, Chen WR and Xing D: A pathway from JNK through decreased ERK and Akt activities for FOXO3a nuclear translocationin response to UV irradiation. J Cell Physiol. 227:1168–1178. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wan CR, Han DD, Xu JQ, Yin P, Xu XL, Mei C, Liu FH and Xia ZF: Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 17: 1132-1140, 2018.
APA
Wan, C., Han, D., Xu, J., Yin, P., Xu, X., Mei, C. ... Xia, Z. (2018). Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7938
MLA
Wan, C., Han, D., Xu, J., Yin, P., Xu, X., Mei, C., Liu, F., Xia, Z."Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.1 (2018): 1132-1140.
Chicago
Wan, C., Han, D., Xu, J., Yin, P., Xu, X., Mei, C., Liu, F., Xia, Z."Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 1 (2018): 1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7938
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wan CR, Han DD, Xu JQ, Yin P, Xu XL, Mei C, Liu FH and Xia ZF: Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 17: 1132-1140, 2018.
APA
Wan, C., Han, D., Xu, J., Yin, P., Xu, X., Mei, C. ... Xia, Z. (2018). Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7938
MLA
Wan, C., Han, D., Xu, J., Yin, P., Xu, X., Mei, C., Liu, F., Xia, Z."Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.1 (2018): 1132-1140.
Chicago
Wan, C., Han, D., Xu, J., Yin, P., Xu, X., Mei, C., Liu, F., Xia, Z."Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 1 (2018): 1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7938
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team