Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2018 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

  • Authors:
    • Yeqing Xie
    • Jianquan Liao
    • Yong Yu
    • Qi Guo
    • Yingzhen Yang
    • Junbo Ge
    • Haozhu Chen
    • Ruizhen Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 961-969
    |
    Published online on: November 8, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8013
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular dilation and cardiac fibrosis. Emerging evidence indicated that endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (Endo‑MT) is a crucial event during organ fibrosis. This study was performed to clarify whether Endo‑MT contributed to the progression of cardiac fibrosis in DCM. Cardiac samples from patients with DCM and control were obtained. The presence of endothelial markers, cluster of differentiation (CD)31 and vascular endothelial (VE)‑cadherin, and mesenchymal markers, α smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibroblast‑specific protein 1 (FSP1) was performed using immunohistochemistry. Co‑localization of endothelial markers and mesenchymal markers were identified using confocal immunofluorescence staining. Serum procollagen type I carboxy‑terminal propeptide (PICP) and procollagen type III amino‑terminal propeptide (PIIINP) were measured by ELISA. Protein levels of Wnt, β‑catenin and Snail were determined using western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry and double‑immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the expression of CD31 and VE‑cadherin were significantly decreased in DCM samples, whereas the FSP‑1, and αSMA were significantly increased. CD31 and VE‑cadherin labeling indexes were respectively negatively correlated with left ventricular end‑diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (CD31 r=‑0.82, P<0.01; VE‑cadherin r=-0.73, P<0.01), while FSP‑1 and αSMA were positively associated with LVEDD (αSMA r=0.65, P<0.01, FSP1 r=0.53, P<0.01) and left ventricular ejection fraction (αSMA r=‑0.18, P<0.05; FSP1 r=‑0.21, P<0.05). Furthermore, PICP and PIIINP levels were positively associated with the co‑expression labeling indexes (CD31/SMA co‑labeling index and PICP r=0.727, P<0.01; CD31/SMA co‑labeling index and PIIINP r=0.741, P<0.01; VE‑Cadherin/FSP‑1 co‑labeling index and PICP r=0.716, P<0.01; VE‑cadherin/FSP‑1 co‑labeling index and PIIINP r=0.648, P<0.05). Western blot analysis indicated that proteins levels of Wnt signaling and snail were significantly increased in DCM samples. These results suggested that Endo‑MT is potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis and remodeling during the development of DCM, indicating a potential therapeutic target for DCM treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE and Young JB: American Heart Association, et al: Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: An American heart association scientific statement from the council on clinical cardiology, heart failure and transplantation committee; quality of care and outcomes research and functional genomics and translational biology interdisciplinary working groups; and council on epidemiology and prevention. Circulation. 113:1807–1816. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jellis C, Martin J, Narula J and Marwick TH: Assessment of nonischemic myocardial fibrosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 56:89–97. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

de Leeuw N, Ruiter DJ, Balk AH, de Jonge N, Melchers WJ and Galama JM: Histopathologic findings in explanted heart tissue from patients with end-stage idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Transpl Int. 14:299–306. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Schalla S, Bekkers SC, Dennert R, van Suylen RJ, Waltenberger J, Leiner T, Wildberger J, Crijns HJ and Heymans S: Replacement and reactive myocardial fibrosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with right ventricular biopsy. Eur J Heart Fail. 12:227–231. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Porter KE and Turner NA: Cardiac fibroblasts: At the heart of myocardial remodeling. Pharmacol Ther. 123:255–278. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Zeisberg EM, Tarnavski O, Zeisberg M, Dorfman AL, McMullen JR, Gustafsson E, Chandraker A, Yuan X, Pu WT, Roberts AB, et al: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to cardiac fibrosis. Nat Med. 13:952–961. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Mjaatvedt CH, Lepera RC and Markwald RR: Myocardial specificity for initiating endothelial-mesenchymal cell transition in embryonic chick heart correlates with a particulate distribution of fibronectin. Dev Biol. 119:59–67. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Aisagbonhi O, Rai M, Ryzhov S, Atria N, Feoktistov I and Hatzopoulos AK: Experimental myocardial infarction triggers canonical Wnt signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Dis Model Mech. 4:469–483. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tang RN, Lv LL, Zhang JD, Dai HY, Li Q, Zheng M, Ni J, Ma KL and Liu BC: Effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker on myocardial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic rats. Int J Cardiol. 162:92–99. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Widyantoro B, Emoto N, Nakayama K, Anggrahini DW, Adiarto S, Iwasa N, Yagi K, Miyagawa K, Rikitake Y, Suzuki T, et al: Endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 promotes cardiac fibrosis in diabetic hearts through stimulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Circulation. 121:2407–2418. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Arciniegas E, Frid MG, Douglas IS and Stenmark KR: Perspectives on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Potential contribution to vascular remodeling in chronic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 293:L1–L8. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Selek L, Dhobb M, van der Sanden B, Berger F and Wion D: Existence of tumor-derived endothelial cells suggests an additional role for endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumor progression. Int J Cancer. 128:1502–1503. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Jeong H, Ryu YJ, An J, Lee Y and Kim A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer correlates with high histological grade and triple-negative phenotype. Histopathology. 60:E87–E95. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Zeisberg EM, Potenta SE, Sugimoto H, Zeisberg M and Kalluri R: Fibroblasts in kidney fibrosis emerge via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Am Soc Nephrol. 19:2282–2287. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Person AD, Garriock RJ, Krieg PA, Runyan RB and Klewer SE: Frzb modulates Wnt-9a-mediated beta-catenin signaling during avian atrioventricular cardiac cushion development. Dev Biol. 278:35–48. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Cohen ED, Tian Y and Morrisey EE: Wnt signaling: An essential regulator of cardiovascular differentiation, morphogenesis and progenitor self-renewal. Development. 135:789–798. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

López B, González A, Ravassa S, Beaumont J, Moreno MU, José San G, Querejeta R and Díez J: Circulating biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis: The need for a reappraisal. J Am Coll Cardiol. 65:2449–2456. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Querejeta R, Varo N, López B, Larman M, Artiñano E, Etayo JC, Ubago Martínez JL, Gutierrez-Stampa M, Emparanza JI, Gil MJ, et al: Serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I is a marker of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease. Circulation. 101:1729–1735. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ghosh AK, Bradham WS, Gleaves LA, De Taeye B, Murphy SB, Covington JW and Vaughan DE: Genetic deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes cardiac fibrosis in aged mice: Involvement of constitutive transforming growth factor-beta signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Circulation. 122:1200–1209. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Okayama K, Azuma J, Dosaka N, Iekushi K, Sanada F, Kusunoki H, Iwabayashi M, Rakugi H, Taniyama Y and Morishita R: Hepatocyte growth factor reduces cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Hypertension. 59:958–965. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Khan R and Sheppard R: Fibrosis in heart disease: Understanding the role of transforming growth factor-beta in cardiomyopathy, valvular disease and arrhythmia. Immunology. 118:10–24. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Rivera-Feliciano J, Lee KH, Kong SW, Rajagopal S, Ma Q, Springer Z, Izumo S, Tabin CJ and Pu WT: Development of heart valves requires Gata4 expression in endothelial-derived cells. Development. 133:3607–3618. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Donaldson IJ, Amin S, Hensman JJ, Kutejova E, Rattray M, Lawrence N, Hayes A, Ward CM and Bobola N: Genome-wide occupancy links Hoxa2 to Wnt-β-catenin signaling in mouse embryonic development. Nucleic Acids Res. 40:3990–4001. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Monga SP: Role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver metabolism and cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 43:1021–1029. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Brade T, Männer J and Kühl M: The role of Wnt signalling in cardiac development and tissue remodelling in the mature heart. Cardiovasc Res. 72:198–209. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Berendsen AD, Fisher LW, Kilts TM, Owens RT, Robey PG, Gutkind JS and Young MF: Modulation of canonical Wnt signaling by the extracellular matrix component biglycan. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:17022–17027. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Luu HH, Zhang R, Haydon RC, Rayburn E, Kang Q, Si W, Park JK, Wang H, Peng Y, Jiang W and He TC: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway as a novel cancer drug target. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 4:653–671. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Cano A, Pérez-Moreno MA, Rodrigo I, Locascio A, Blanco MJ, del Barrio MG, Portillo F and Nieto MA: The transcription factor snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression. Nat Cell Biol. 2:76–83. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Niessen K, Fu Y, Chang L, Hoodless PA, McFadden D and Karsan A: Slug is a direct Notch target required for initiation of cardiac cushion cellularization. J Cell Biol. 182:315–325. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Medici D, Potenta S and Kalluri R: Transforming growth factor-β2 promotes Snail-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition through convergence of Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signalling. Biochem J. 437:515–520. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lopez D, Niu G, Huber P and Carter WB: Tumor-induced upregulation of Twist, snail and slug represses the activity of the human VE-cadherin promoter. Arch Biochem Biophys. 482:77–82. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Okada H and Kalluri R: Cellular and molecular pathways that lead to progression and regression of renal fibrogenesis. Curr Mol Med. 5:467–474. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Okada H and Kalluri R: Recapitulation of kidney development paradigms by BMP-7 reverses chronic renal injury. Clin Exp Nephrol. 9:100–101. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Tang R, Li Q, Lv L, Dai H, Zheng M, Ma K and Liu B: Angiotensin II mediates the high-glucose-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human aortic endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 9:312010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Tuuminen R, Syrjälä S, Krebs R, Keränen MA, Koli K, Abo-Ramadan U, Neuvonen PJ, Tikkanen JM, Nykänen AI and Lemström KB: Donor simvastatin treatment abolishes rat cardiac allograft ischemia/reperfusion injury and chronic rejection through microvascular protection. Circulation. 124:1138–1150. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xie Y, Liao J, Yu Y, Guo Q, Yang Y, Ge J, Chen H and Chen R: Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep 17: 961-969, 2018.
APA
Xie, Y., Liao, J., Yu, Y., Guo, Q., Yang, Y., Ge, J. ... Chen, R. (2018). Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 961-969. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8013
MLA
Xie, Y., Liao, J., Yu, Y., Guo, Q., Yang, Y., Ge, J., Chen, H., Chen, R."Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.1 (2018): 961-969.
Chicago
Xie, Y., Liao, J., Yu, Y., Guo, Q., Yang, Y., Ge, J., Chen, H., Chen, R."Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 1 (2018): 961-969. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8013
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xie Y, Liao J, Yu Y, Guo Q, Yang Y, Ge J, Chen H and Chen R: Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep 17: 961-969, 2018.
APA
Xie, Y., Liao, J., Yu, Y., Guo, Q., Yang, Y., Ge, J. ... Chen, R. (2018). Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 961-969. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8013
MLA
Xie, Y., Liao, J., Yu, Y., Guo, Q., Yang, Y., Ge, J., Chen, H., Chen, R."Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.1 (2018): 961-969.
Chicago
Xie, Y., Liao, J., Yu, Y., Guo, Q., Yang, Y., Ge, J., Chen, H., Chen, R."Endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 1 (2018): 961-969. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.8013
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team